全面抗战时期国统区难童救济教养工作述评

【作者】 许雪莲；

【导师】 于桂芬；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文将全面抗战时期国统区的难童救济教养工作置于全民族抗战的历史大背景下，系统考察这一时期难童问题的严重性及其出现的原因，并以历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义为指导思想，对国统区国民政府及社会各界难童救济教养工作的具体情况及这一工作的成败得失进行历史的、全面的记述和评价，以期对抗战时期社会史研究中难童救助问题这一研究空白作一弥补。 第一部分：考察了全面抗战伊始难童问题日益突出的原因，指出日军的大举侵华及其对中国儿童的残酷迫害是难童潮大规模出现的主要根源。 第二部分：考察了国民政府包括行政院振济委员会、行政院社会部等主要政府部门的难童救济教养工作。国民政府在整个国统区难童救济教养工作中发挥了主导性作用。 第三部分：考察了国统区社会各界包括慈善、宗教团体机构及抗战爆发后成立的难童专门救助团体机构的难童救济教养工作。这一工作是对国民政府难童救助工作的有力补充。 第四部分：考察了全面抗战时期国统区难童救济教养工作取得的卓越成效，并通过对这一工作的经验、教训进行总结，从中汲取对当今社会儿童福利事业发展有益的历史借鉴。 总体上讲，全面抗战时期国统区难童救济教养工作是全民族抗战事业的重要组成部分，这一工作的开展对抗日战争的最后胜利和中华民族的长远发展都起到了不可低估的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, I take historical materialism and dialectical materialism as guiding ideology, put the relief and cultivation work on the refugee children in the historical background that the Chinese nation resisted Japanese aggression (1937-1945), and investigate the reason of the refugee children’s appearance and some specific work on them in the Nationalist Government’s area. Then I analyze and estimate the gain and loss of the work. By doing so, I hope I can make up the vacant about this question in the study of social history.Part one: I investigate the reason of the refugee children’s appearance at the beginning of the war. Then I point out that the Japanese aggression and their bodily injure to our children were the main reason.Part two: I investigate the relief and cultivation work on the refugee children of the Nationalist Government who exerted a leading function in the whole work.Part three: I investigate the relief and cultivation work on the refugee children of the personages of various circles in society, and point out that their work was the effective replenishment to that of the Nationalist Government.Part four: The relief and cultivation work on the refugee children had marked success in the war days and there’s much in it that we can make use of for the children’s welfare facilities nowdays.In a word, the whole work was an important component of the undertaking that the Chinese resisted Japanese aggression, and its significance cannot be underestimated not only for the war but for the long -range development of the Chinese nation.更多还原