人工草地野大麦生态研究

【作者】 王平；

【导师】 周道玮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 草业科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文对野大麦(Hordeum brevisubularum(Trinius) Link)这一北方优良牧草在个体生长发育、生理生态以及种群生物学等方面进行了较全面的系统研究。 首先比较总结了目前国内外各学者对野大麦及其所在属——大麦属的分类、地理分布、生境特点等方面内容，并以中科院植物研究所标本馆的记录为主，结合文献资料和局部范围的实地调查，初步绘制了野大麦在国内外的地理分布图。 研究了野大麦叶片在旱季和雨季时的光合作用和蒸腾作用特性，并与羊草进行了光模拟的比较研究。实验结果认为，在不以收获种子为目标的草地生产中，有必要在旱季时放牧或刈割利用。在与羊草的比较研究中认为，野大麦的各项特点表明在干旱地区更适于放牧利用。 野大麦营养繁殖旺盛。提出以分蘖更新率R_τ这一指标来表示无性系构件水平的种群增长率。充足生长空间下的分蘖更新率表明野大麦有两个快速更新时期，可在此时进行交替放牧利用，留茬高度不宜低于10cm。若割草利用，收获期不应晚于种熟期。 野大麦的种子落粒现象非常普遍，不利于草地生产中种子的采收工作。通过研究不同收获时期野大麦种子的数量和质量认为，初花期后的11-14天为最佳收获期，实际生产中可以野大麦穗顶部刚刚开始脱落为收获标志，收获期可持续3天。 从无性系构件和个体水平上进行了野大麦种群生物学方面的研究。主要讨论了密度对种群数量和生物量的影响，对“-3／2”自疏法则进行了讨论，并从草地生产角度比较了不同密度种植区的草地净第一性生产力。同时提出以分蘖百分比更新率R_τ％来比较基础构件种群大小不同的增长率。 本研究论文中的实验设计采用先进的仪器，应用科学的试验方法，希望能为牧草研究提供一个较完整的物种研究报告，也为育种工作积累新的材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trinius) Link, which is one of the fine and important forage grass species in the north of China, is researched on its growth and development, physiological ecology and population ecology.The domestic and international documents on the taxonomy, distribution and habits of Horduem and H. brevisubulatum were compared and summarized. Based on the specimen of the Institute of Botany in the Chinese Academy of Science, combined correlative documents and investigated in some areas, the domestic and international distribution maps of H. brevisubulatum were drawn primarily.The photosynthesis and transpiration of this plant were measured in dry and rainy seasons respectively and did an illumination simulative experiment compared with Lymus chinesis, another fine forage in the same area. Conclusions from that were: 1. If seed is not the aim, the H. brevisubulautm pasture should be utilized in dry season, whether grazing or mowing; 2. This plant is suitable for grazing in the dry region.This plant has prosperous vegetative reproduction. Tiller renewal rate (Rr) was used to describe the population growth rate on modular level. The RT under the enough growing space indicated that there was two rapid regenerative periods in whole growth season, when utilization should be taken alternately, and the height of remaining should not be lower than 10cm. If mowing, no later than seed mature period.The seeds slough seriously when they mature, thus influences seed production. From comparing the quantity and quality of seed collected at different stage, a suitable collection time should be in the 11-14 days after the primary blooming period, viz. seed collection should begin when seed on the most top of the spike sloughing, and go on for 3 days.Biology population of this plant was research on clone and modular level, mainly discussed how density affect the population size and biomass, as wellas the "-3/2 self thinning" and the primary productions under different densities. Meanwhile, tiller renewal percent rate (RT%) was used as an index to compare the population growth rate which at different size originally.Advanced instruments and scientific experimental methods were adopted in this study. To provide a more complete specie report on biology population and accumulate new information for breeding is the expection of this study.更多还原