【作者】 黄雅俊；

【导师】 郑平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 杀虫单是我国创制的新药，目前国内尚无有效的分析方法和合理使用准则，本研究建立了杀虫单残留的GC分析方法，并据田间试验结果推荐80％杀虫单可溶性粉剂在水稻种植中的合理使用准则。 杀虫单残留的GC分析方法以土壤、水、茎叶、稻米和稻壳为研究材料进行添加回收率试验，回收率范围为86.7-94.3％，变异系数为3.54-12.40％。所建立的分析方法简便快速、灵敏准确且有良好的精确度。 消解动态试验结果显示：在1200克／公顷(有效成分)施药条件下，杀虫单在田水和土壤中降解迅速，半衰期分别为0.83天和0.90天，而在模拟水和茎叶中降解相对较慢，半衰期分别为1.89天和2.72天。杀虫单在茎叶、田水、模拟水和土壤中的消解规律符合一级反应动力学模型。 最终残留结果显示：杀虫单在600克／公顷(有效成分)和1200克/公顷(有效成分)条件下施药，采样距最后一次施药间隔期20天和30天，残留情况为：稻米ND～0.2577mg／kg，谷壳ND～0.4760mg／kg，茎叶ND～0.7829mg／kg，土壤ND～0.5426mg／kg。从总趋势来看，茎叶中残留量值比稻米、谷壳、土壤略高；施药量较大时，残留量也较大；施药次数增多，残留量提高；采样距最后一次施药间隔期缩短，残留情况加重。 根据实验结果并参照我国杀虫双在大米中的最高残留限量(MRL值)，建议大米中的杀虫单MRL值暂定为0.2mg／kg。在水稻种植中施药量为600克／公顷(有效成分)，施药次数2次和3次，采收距施药间隔期20天和30天，残留量低于0.2mg／kg。如果施药量1200克／公顷(有效成分)，施药次数2次和3次，采收距施药间隔期20天和30天，残留量值将可能超过0.2mg／kg。因此，推荐80％杀虫单可溶性粉剂在水稻种植中合理使用准则为：施药量600克／公顷(有效成分)，喷雾法施药，每季作物最多使用3次，每次喷药间隔15天，最后一次施药距收获的天数不少于20天，大米中MRL值为0．Zmgdeg。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shachongdan is a new pesticide invented by China. At present there is no effective analytical method and reasonable application criterion. An analytical method was established for determining residue of Shachongdan by the gas chromatography under the optimized conditions, and a set of application criteria in paddy were recommended for 80% Shachongdan SP according to the field experiment.Fortified recover)7 was carried out with soil, water, rice plant, rice and chaff as material. The RC and CV range for the method were 86.7-94.3% and 3.54%~12.4%, respectively. The method was convenient, quick, sensitive and accurate.The results indicated that under 1200g.ai/h application Shachongdan could be degraded quickly in field water and soil with half-lives of 0.83 and 0.90 days respectively. But it was degraded slowly in simulative water and rice plant with half-lives of 1.89 and 2.72 days. Shachongdan degradation in rice plant, field water, simulative water and soil followed the first-degree reaction model.The results also indicated that under 600g.ai/h and 1200g.ai/h application, the sampling interval apart from last application was 20 and 30 days, the residue was ND~0.2577mg/kg in rice, ND~0.4760mg/kg in chaff, ND~0.7829mg/kg in rice plant, ND~0.5426mg/kg in soil. As a52general rule, the residue in rice plant was slightly higher than that in rice, chaff or soil. The residue with larger dose, more application and shorter sampling interval from last application was slightly higher than its counterpart.Referring to the maximum residue limit (MRL) of shachongshan in rice, the MRL of shachongdan in rice is temporarily suggested to be 0.2 mg/kg. Under 600gai/h application in paddy, using twice or three times. the sampling interval apart from last application being 20 days and 30 days, the residue was lower than 0.2mg/kg. If under 1200g.ai/h application, using twice or three times, the residue would be possibly higher than 0.2mg/kg. The recommended application criterion is that 80% Shachongdan SP was sprayed under 600g.ai/h application, at most three times per season crop, with a 15 days’ interval between two applications and with a longer than 20 days’ interval between last application and harvest.更多还原