【作者】 艾麦里；

【导师】 汪自强；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 菜用大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)是指在生育期的R6阶段、豆荚达最终干重的80％～90％时收获的特用大豆。世界范围内它是一个小作物，但在东亚种植相当普遍，菜用大豆(毛豆)一般用作蔬菜，也作为休闲食品消费。因此，菜用大豆的收获时间和收获方法相当重要，对不同的品种更具有重要的意义。本试验主要研究不同菜用大豆品种的最佳收获期，试验在浙江大学实验农场进行，采用随机区组设计。 在试验过程中，主要研究了以下内容，豆荚(种子、荚壁)鲜、干重，豆荚水分、种子和荚壳叶绿素含量、种子可溶性糖、碳水化合物含量、豆荚生长速率、豆荚长宽厚、种子硬度等。结果表明，通过生长测定，华春18和9701开始采荚的时间分别在开花后的31和29天，即分别于33天和29天当种子干重和荚壳干重增重曲线相交时。台75和矮脚毛豆的最佳收获期分别为开花后的44～47天和47～49天。以豆荚鼓粒速率和水分含量为基准，华春18、9701、台75和矮脚毛豆的收获期分别为开花后的31～35天、33～37天、53～58天和42～49天，此时的含水量分别为65％，60％，61％和62％。如以种子淀粉含量为准，这4个品种的采收期分别应为开花后的38～43天、37～45天、53～58天和49～58天。华春18的可溶性糖含量在开花后31～35天达最高，这可以看作是菜用大豆收获的最佳时间。9701、台75和矮脚毛豆的含糖量最高期分别为开花后33～37天、40～44天和41～45天，这可以看作是食味最佳的时期，之后，含糖量下降。从叶绿素含量看，华春18可以在开花后29～34天收获，9701种子和荚果的叶绿素含量在开花后31～35天达最高，台75为开花后43～46天，矮脚毛豆应为开花后39～45天。豆荚失去绿色将失去作为蔬菜的商品价值，荚果的绿色也可以看作是菜用大豆收获的重要指标。 通过对不同菜用大豆品种豆荚的厚度分析，华春18可以在开花后45天(占总数81％的豆荚厚度达到6～7.9mm)收获，9701可以在开花后40天(占总数90％的豆荚厚度达到6.0mm)收获，台75和矮脚毛豆分别为开花后58和52天。本研究表明，菜用大豆的收获期必须在豆粒鼓足且未变硬，即其 硬度在 9～10 kgcm”2前，按此标准，华春 18应在豪华后 35～36天，9701为开 花后43～45天，台75和矮脚毛豆分别为开花后58～62天和49～55天。 试验表明了豆荚大小与豆荚重量间的相关程度并不显著，同时也表明了绿 荚的品质性状随着生育进程而变化，因开花后天数的增加而出现波动。这揭示 出要找出各个相关因子都最佳，以确定适合的收获期是非常有意义的，本研究认 为，所有参数的选择以决定收获期均需符合生产者和消费者的利益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetable soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a specialty soybean harvested as vegetable when the seeds are immature (R6 stage) and have expanded to fill 80 to 90 percent of the pod weight. Like field-dried soybeans, the seeds of vegetable-type soybean (edamame) varieties are rich in protein and highly nutritious. Worldwide, it is a minor crop, but it is quite popular in East Asia. Edamame is consumed mainly as snack, but also as a vegetable, an addition to soup, or processed into sweets.The date, timing, and method of harvesting vegetable soybean are of critical importance, and vary among varieties. To determine the adequate time to harvest green soybean cultivars, an experiment was carried out in the experimental farm of Zhejiang University. The randomized complete block with cultivar as the main plot and periodical sample as the subplot was used as experimental design.Growth measurement through the dry and fresh weights of pods (seed and pod wall), pods moisture, the amount of chlorophyll in seed and pod wall, soluble sugars and starch content in seed, pod growth rate, pods dimensions (length, width, and thickness), and seed hardness were the main analyses performed to reach the goal of this investigation.By the mean of growth measurement, it was found that for Hua Chun 18 and 9701 cultivars the date of harvesting starts at 31 and 29 DAF respectively when the dry weight of seed and pod wall intersect to 35 and 33 DAF. The suitable time to harvest Tai 75 was from 44 to 47 DAF and 47 to 49 DAF for AJMD. In the basis of pod filling rate and moisture content, is was suitable to harvest from 31 to 35 DAF for Hua Chun 18, 33 to 37 DAF for 9701, 53 to 58 DAF for Tai 75, and at 49 to 42 DAF for AJMD, while pod water content was about 65 %, 60 %, 61 %, and 62 % of fresh weight, respectively. By considering the starch content in seed, Hua Chun 18 could be harvested from 38 to 43 DAF, 9701 from 37 to 45 DAF, Tai 75 from 53 to 58 DAF, and AJMD from 49 to 58 DAF. hi Hua Chun 18, the soluble sugars were higher by 31 to 35 DAF, which was considered as the suitable period for harvesting. The adequate days to harvest 9701 cultivar was between 33 to 37 DAF. For Tai 75, the amount of soluble sugars peaked by 40 to 44 DAF, while hi AJMD, the rate of soluble sugars increased between 41 and 45 DAF, before declining progressively.With regard to chlorophyll content, Hua Chun 18 should be harvested by 29 to 34 DAF. It has showed that 9701 seeds and pods walls chlorophyll content increased from 31 to 35 DAF. For Tai 75, the suitable time to pick up green pods should be between 43 to 46 DAF. In the case of AJMD, the harvest should be performed by 39 to 45 DAF. It was found that one of characteristics of normal soybean maturation was that the pods walls lost chlorophyll, although the developing seed was still green.By following the indications recorded from the thickness of pods, Hua Chun 18 should be harvested at 45 DAF (81 % of total pods per stem were 6 to 7.9 mm), 9701 should be harvested at 40 DAF (90 % of pods thickness were up to 6.0 mm). The adequate period of harvesting Tai 75 and AJMD should be 58 and 52 DAF, respectively.This present investigation should propose to harvest while seeds are soft and show hardness between 9 and 10 kgpn"2, while pods are full enough. Hua Chuan 18 could be harvested by 35 to 36 DAF, 9701 between 43 and 45 DAF, Tai 75 between 58 and 62 DAF, and AJMD between 49 and 55 DAP.Results obtained from the degree of association between pods sizes and pods weights were not indicating concrete correlation between those parameters. Pods sizes did not depend significantly upon to pods weight. It was also found that quality components of green-type soybean were often subject to changes when days went on. They were fluctuating according to DAF. Therefore, it was revealed interesting to find out a day when correlations between each of those components were positively or negatively high in order to fix suitable time for harvesting. It was concluded that time of harvest should have to be deter更多还原