【作者】 周建昭；

【导师】 黄云；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 试验选取重庆地区农业废弃物菌渣、秸秆以及河沙作为栽培基质，采用商品有机肥福尔地、田必施，通过田间试验和盆栽生物试验相结合的方法，研究栽培基质的筛选、有机肥的肥效及利用率问题，旨在为重庆市的生态型无土栽培提供科学依据。研究结果表明： 1．大棚基质栽培试验表明，在施肥量相同的情况下，不同固体基质处理的小白菜和生菜的产量、品质都优于土壤栽培(CK)。 2 大棚基质栽培试验表明，在各种有机、无机基质配比中，菌渣、河沙、秸秆的最佳体积比是菌渣：秸秆：河沙=3：0：1。在此条件下，栽培的生菜和小白菜的产量、品质均优于其它配比的固体基质。 3 盆栽生物试验表明，施用有机肥田必施，其固体基质栽培的辣椒比土壤栽培的提前7天开花，结果，并提前上市；而施用有机肥福尔地，固体基质栽培的辣椒和土壤栽培的生育期相当。 4 在土壤栽培中，施用有机肥福尔地比施用田必施能使作物生育期提前。试验表明，施用有机肥福尔地的土壤栽培中，辣椒的成熟期比施用田必施的提早7天。 5 在以菌渣：秸秆：河沙=3：0：1比例的混合固体基质栽培模式下，商品有机肥福尔地、田必施盆栽试验最佳施肥量是11g/盆；田间推荐施肥量田必施为3126kg/hm~2，福尔地为3230kg/hm~2。 6 商品有机肥中N、P、K元素的利用率较高。试验表明，有机肥田必施中N元素的利用率高达68％，P元素和K元素的利用率最高达32.7％和67.1％；有机肥福尔地中N元素利用率最高为60.7％，P元素和K元素分别高达26.8％、38.1％。 生泳足天土裘潜的＠卑沿么牙氏用率最高为 60．7o，P元素和 K元素分别高达 26．8O、38．1O。 7．施肥量相同的情况下，固体基质栽培中施用的有机肥福尔地、田必施的N、P、K元素利用率与土壤栽培的相当或略高。 8．固体基质（菌渣：秸秆：河沙二3：0：l）加有机肥（福尔地、田必施）栽培模式生产的蔬菜能达到“绿色食品”蔬菜生产要求。分析表明，有机肥福尔地、田必施和菌渣的重金属含量达到“绿色食品”蔬菜的生产标准：且蔬菜硝酸盐含量极低，达到无公害蔬菜的硝酸盐限量标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Choosing ChongQing district agriculture object discarded fungus Dregs % straw as well as river sand as substrate,experiment is carried on in the pot and in field using commercial organic fertilizer Fu erdi and Tian Bishi,studying the selecting of substrate and fertilizer effect and utilization efficency of organic fertilizer,aiming at providing the science basis for the ecotype soilless culture of ChongQing city.Results achieved were as follows:1. Experiment of vegetable cultivation in soild substrate indicates that yield and quality of the Chinese cabbage and lettuce of different substrate treatments are better than of that is cultivated in soil(Ck),In the same quantity of fertilizer.2. Experiment of vegetable cultivation in soild substrate indicates that At the various matching ratio of organic and inorganic substrate.the optimal volume ratio of fungus dregs^ straw and sand is 3:0:1.In solid substrate(fungus dregs:straw:sand=3:0:l),yield and quality of lettuce and Chinese cabbage are superior to that are cultivated in other soild substrate.3. Experiment of cultivation in the pot indicates, Using organic fertilizer Fu erdi,hot pepper that is cultivated in solid substrate blossom. bear and go on the market earlier 7 days than that is cultivated in soil; but using organic fertilizer Tian bishi,the birth phase of hot pepper in solid substrate and soil is the same.4. In the soil cultivation,using organic fertilizer Fu erdi can make birth phase of the crop earlier than using Tian Bishi.Experiment in pot indicates,using organic fertilizer Fu erdi in soilcultivation.the maturity period of hot pepper is earlier 7 days than using organic fertilizer Tian Bishi in soil cultivation.5. under the cultivation model of the fungus dreg:straw:sand=3:0:l(vol proportion), optimal quantity of commercial organic fertilizer Fu erdi and Tian Bishi in pot is llg/pot, and using Tian Bishi quantities of fertilizer recommended in the field is 3126kg/hm2,using Fu erdi quantities of fertilizer recommended in the field is 3230kg/ hm2.6. The utilization efficiency of the element of NX P and K in commercial organic fertilizer is very high.Experiment indicates,the utilization efficiency of N in organic fertilizer Tian Bishi reachs 68%,P and K reachs 32.7% and 67.1%,respectively. the utilization efficiency of N in organic fertilizer Fu erdi reachs 60.7%,the element of P and K reach 26.8% and 38.1%,respectively.7. In the same quantity of fertilizer,The utilization efficiency of NX P and K of organic fertilizer Tian Bishi and Fu erdi in solid substrate is the same or slightly high with in soil.8. Vegetables that are cultivated in solid substrate(fungus dreg:straw:sand=3:0:l) using organic fertilizer(Fu erdi and Tian Bishi) can reach the standard of’green food’Vegetable production.The analysis indicates,the heavy metal content of organic fertilizer Fu erdi> Tian Bishi and fungus dregs achieves the production standard of "green food",nitrate content of vegetables is extremely low, and keeping in the standard of safety limit.更多还原