【作者】 张毅；

【导师】 杨光伟； 何光华；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 在水稻植株上，几乎每个器官都有色素分布。水稻色素的表现和遗传非常复杂。色素分布的广泛性表明了它对水稻的重要性，而其表现时间的多样性和稳定性等特点预示了它在种子纯度鉴定中的特殊作用，色素的表现受多对基因控制，它在研究基因的相互关系中可发挥重要作用。 水稻芽鞘紫线是在种子出芽后，芽鞘两侧各出现的一条清晰可见的紫色线条。该性状表达明显，时期极早（出芽期）。为了更好地将其利用于基因相互关系的研究，促进它在纯度鉴定中应用，我们在以下几方面开展了工作： 1、以不同芽鞘紫线基因型亲本相互杂交，获得77个F₁代、53个F₂代和一个BF₁代； 2、调查各世代芽鞘紫线的表现及其分离情况，分析芽鞘紫线的遗传规律； 3、对芽鞘紫线反抑制基因A_i进行SSR定位； 4、初步探索芽鞘紫线在杂交种和不育系纯度的及早期鉴定中的利用方法。 论文的主要结果如下： 1、芽鞘紫线在各世代中的表现：（1）亲本只有两类，一种芽鞘无紫线，一种芽鞘有紫线；（2）通过无紫线×有紫线、无紫线×无紫线和有紫线×有紫线三种杂交方式，得到有紫线和无紫线的两种F₁，从中我们观察到了双亲芽鞘无紫线但其F₁有紫线的现象；（3）F₂中共获得8（9）种类型（有紫线：无紫线）：全无紫线、27：37（108：148）、117：139、9：7、39：25、3：1、13：3、全有紫线，其中13（有紫线）：3（无紫线）为首次发现，所得的BF₁紫线有无比例为1：1。 2、芽鞘紫线的遗传规律：在本研究所涉及的亲本范围内，（1）芽鞘紫线的显隐性关系与亲本的基因型有关，有时显性，有时隐性；（2）芽鞘紫线受核基因控制，无细胞质效应；（3）控制水稻芽鞘紫线表达的基因有四对，结合前人研究结果，提出了芽鞘紫线遗传的C_APIAi模型：芽鞘紫线的表现除受3个独立的显性主效基因C（色素原基因）、A（色素原转化基因）、P（表现部位基因）的共同控制（互补）外，还受一个显性抑制基因I和一个反抑制基因A_i的影响，即C_APIAi模型。芽鞘紫线的表达C、A、P缺一不可，I抑制P的作用，A_i抑制I的作用。 3、芽鞘紫线反抑制基因A_i的定位：以BF₁构建了A_i基因的定位群体，选用平均分布于水稻12条染色体上的315对SSR引物对亲本（XNA与20A150）和样品池同时进行扩增，同时在双亲和样品池中表现多态性的引物有4对：RM21、RM287、RM295、RM335；用109个单株进行验证并用软件Map Manager QTXb13进行分析，结果表明：A_i基因与RM335、RM295、RM287、RM21连锁，其遗传距离分别为2.8cM、10.2cM、13.9cM、26.1cM，A_i基因位于第11染色体中部。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coleoptile purple line, which appears in the both opposite side in some rice materials, is useful in identifying the purity of rice seed quickly and early because it expresses at budding period and helpful in studying the interrelations of genes because it is controlled by some interaction genes.To effectively advance its using in purity identifying and gene relation researching, those follow work have been done:1, 77 F1 combinations and 53 F2 generations are obtained by crossing among parents with different genotypes of purple line in coleoptile, and 1 BF1 is produced in backcross XNA+(XNA+21A150).2, the inheritance analysis of coleoptile purple line was made after investigating its behaving in generations apiece.3, SSR location of anti-inhibitory gene A;4, trying to acquire male sterility lines and hybrid rice combinations whose purity can be identified early and quickly by using coleoptile purple line.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1, the behaving of coleoptile purple line in generations: Din parents, some are purple line and some are no-purple line. The same complexion arose in FI generations gotten by crossing manner no-purple linexpurple line, no-purple line+no-purple line and purple linexpurple line. The phenomenon of F1 generations expressing purple line but its two parents don’t was observed. Eight(nine) segregation radios (purple line: no-purple line) emerged in those combinations like: none(All individuals are no-purple line), 27:37(108:148), 117:139, 9:7, 39:25, 3:1, 13:3, all(All individuals are purple line), and the radio of 13 purple line: 3 no-purple line is reported for the first time. In BF|, the radio of purple line: no-purpleline is 1:1.2, the inheritance law of coleoptile purple line: In our research whether the trait is dominant or recessive is relative with the genotype of parents. Dit is controlled only by nuclear gene. 4 pairs of genes control the performance of coleoptile purple line in the rice materials in our study. Combining the other researchers’ results, we recommended a genetic system of C_A_P_I_Ai_ to explain the inheritance of coleoptile purple line in rice: Cyanin, Anthocyanin, and Position genes, which are abbreviated into C, A, P, control the trait expression together through complementary action, a inhibitory gene I can make P lose its function, at the other hand, Aj gene can inhibit I gene.3, the location of Ai gene: The gene pools of Aiai and aiai were constructed with BF1 of XNA//XNA/21A150. RM335, RM295, RM287 and RM21, all of these 4 makers of the 315 pairs of SSR primers distributed averagely on the 12 chromosomes can show polymorphism between the two gene pools. Analysis through Map Manager QTXbl3 indicated that Aj gene is linked with those primers on chromosome 11 and the genetic distance from Ai to those 4 primers were 2.8cM, 10.2cM, 13.9cM,26.1cM, respectively. Studying the molecular genetic map derived from a DH population IR64/Azucena, we located the Aj gene on the middle of chromosome 11.更多还原