节点文献

助学贷款运行中的问题与对策研究

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of Student Loan

【作者】 李小平

【导师】 刘文朝;

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 , 金融学, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 论文是关于我国助学贷款中存在的问题与对策的研究。研究的基本思路是:论文首先介绍了助学贷款的理论基础,分析了助学贷款稳健运行所需要的客观环境条件及在非完善条件下助学贷款市场失灵与政府在建立助学贷款市场中的作用;其次分析了当前助学贷款中存在的问题、影响及原因;借鉴国外经验,论文最后提出了我国助学贷款的制度设计和相关的政策建议。在研究过程中,论文采用了规范与实证相结合的研究方法,研究结论如下: 1.助学贷款是金融与高等教育、财政相结合的产物,具有以下特征:(1)现阶段,助学贷款具有政策性和商业性双重特征,财政有贴息。(2)从银行看,助学贷款属于个人消费信贷,但与银行其他消费信贷有着很大不同。(3)助学贷款是学生/家长借助银行信贷开发学生人力资源的一种方式。助学贷款的效益:(1)对银行来说,开展助学贷款业务可以开拓信贷市场,分散信贷风险,培养潜在的优质客户等。(2)对学生来说,通过助学贷款可以提高自身人力资源质量,培养独立的人格以及提升自己的信誉度等。(3)对高校来说,开展助学贷款可以开辟生源,扩大招生规模及提高办学质量等。(4)从宏观看,助学贷款还具有巨大的社会效益。 2.助学贷款稳健运行需要的条件是:(1)制度环境,指助学贷款赖以产生、运行的一系列制度安排及交易双方对这些安排的认可及遵守程度,只有在完善的制度环境下,助学贷款才能有序运行。(2)市场环境,指助学贷款的市场需求和供给,是助学贷款产生的前提条件,只有当市场需求和供给基本一致时,助学贷款才能稳定发展。(3)信用环境,指助学贷款赖以运行的社会信用条件,包括基础信用、个人信用制度和监管信用,只有在完善的信用条件下,助学贷款才能健康发展。(4)较发达的金融市场和较高的居民金融意识水平。 3.在非完善市场条件下,由于逆向选择和道德风险,仅依靠市场自发的力量,难以建立助学贷款市场,政府的干预和介入是必须和可能的。在助学贷款中,政府的作用主要是为助学贷款提供制度支持和财政贴息以及监督助学贷款的运行等。 4.我国助学贷款中存在的问题和影响。问题:(1)助学贷款总量需求大但供给量小,供需之间存在着较大的缺口。(2)助学贷款发展不平衡:一是地区之间不平衡,东部发展快,西部进展较慢;二是学校之间不平衡,中央所部委所属高校进展快,地方性普通高校进展缓慢;三是开展助学贷款业务的银行之间不平衡。(3)助学贷款期限较短问题。(4)难以鉴定贫困生。(5)学生信用观念不强。影响:(1)助学贷款供需失衡导致国家政策得不到落实,整个社会新开发的人力资源数量、素质下降,经济发展受阻;银行因助学贷款收益小,可能放弃助学贷款业务。(2)助学贷款发展不平衡导致东西部人力资源增量差距扩大,最终导致东西部经济越来越大的差距;人才结构失调等。(3)学生信用观念不强影响银行放贷积极性,最终可能导致银行拒绝发放助学贷款。 5.我国助学贷款中存在问题的原因:(1)政策性任务与商业化操作的矛盾限制了助学贷款业务的发展。(2)配套环境不好,不利于助学贷款的发展:一是制度环境不好,助学贷款的操作没有成熟的规章制度可循;二是缺乏个人信用管理体制,个人信用评估难、贷款跟踪难、信 hh一M… ~w…of…用约束难;三是政府补贴较低,扶持作用不足;四是金融市场发展水平滞后,东西部经济发展不平衡。()银行风险大,降低了商业银行发放助学贷款的积极性。从助学贷款的发放到回收期间,银行耍面临信用风险、法律风险、利率风险、政策风险等,但目前商业银行缺乏有效防范这些风险的体系。(4)高校协调不力,影响了助学贷款业务的开展。(5)学生认识不足,观念有错,影响银行发放助学贷款的积极性。 6.我国助学贷款的制度设计:()单一模式,指政府提供补贴或担保的商业化运作模式。这种运作模式针对所有学生。(2)混合模式,指政府提供国家助学贷款,商业银行提供商业性助学贷款的运作模式。组建专门的助学贷款基金管理中心或由政策性银行发放及回收助学贷款,或者把商业银行现有的国家助学贷款转为政府委托贷款,这种模式主要针对贫困生,同时便于国家政策倾斜。(3)在短期,我国助学贷款宜选择混合运作模式;在将来,我国助学贷款将选择单一运作模式。 7.政策建议:()政府应完善关于助学贷款的法规、制度,扩大助学贷款政策优惠范围,加大财政贴息力度,加强对助学贷款监管。(2)银行应建立、健全助学贷款风险防范体系,扩大助学贷款发放主体和范围,灵活掌握还款和收息方式,简化助学贷款手续,降低助学贷款经营成本。(3)高校应本着对国家、学生高度负。的精神,与经办银行密切合作,共同办好助学贷款。(4)学生应不断强化自己的信用观念,做一个诚实守信的人。(5)建立助学贷款奖惩机制,奖励守信的学生或对其进行贷款优惠,惩罚违约的学生,并使违约学生的损失远远大于其违约收益。(6)加快建立国家助学贷款大学生个人信用征询与评价体系。()建立助学贷款风险分散和补偿机制:一是建立助学贷款担保机制;二是建立助

【Abstract】 The study is focused on the problems and countermeasures of student loan in China. Analysing the conditions of functioning of student loan first, student-loan’s failure under the unperfected marketing conditions and the effect of government on the student loan, the paper reviews the problems and influences of student loan nonce, assays the factors that counteract the progress of student loan in the next place, brings forward the system designing and some suggestions of student loan by using for foreign experience finally. Both positive and normative methods including statistics, comparing and giving example are used in the course of study. The conclusions of the study are as follows.The moving of student loan needs pertinent institution, the demand and supply, perfect credit circumstance and relatively developed finance market. Under the imperfect conditions, as a result of converse select and moral risk, student loan market can’t be set up and government must intervene in student loan. The function of government in the student loan is to provide with institution, financial allowance and supervise the running of student loan.Following problems exist in the student loan in China. First, the amount of demand of student loan is large but the supply is relatively small. Second, the development of student loan is not balanceable. Third, it is difficult to identify poor undergraduates. Fourth, the credits of some undergraduates are poor. Five, the commercial banks that supply student loan and the undergraduates who need student loan can’t come to an agreement on the term of student loan.The influences of the problems are as follows. First, the policy of the nation can’t be carried out. Second, the gap of the economy between east and west may be larger and larger. Third, the market of student loan may become smaller and smaller even disappear.According to the praxis of China, government providing with student loan whoseborrower can gain the allowance of the government is more feasible than only commercial banks supplying with the student loan.In order to advance the development of student loan of China, following policies are necessary. First, the government should make laws about student loan and give more allowance to the commercial bank that supply student loan. Second, the commercial banks should constitute the systems that keep away the risk of student loan. Third, the high-education-school should clasp with the commercial banks. Fourth, the academicians who borrow student loan should be a faithful man and return the student loan in time. Fifth, the system of rewards and punishment of student loan should be set up as early as possible. Sixth, the individual-credit consulting and. evaluating system should be constituted against time. Seventh, the mechanism of surety and risk-reserve should be established.

【关键词】 助学贷款问题对策
【Key words】 Student LoanProblemsCountermeasures
  • 【分类号】G647.5
  • 【被引频次】29
  • 【下载频次】2010
节点文献中: 

本文链接的文献网络图示:

本文的引文网络