【作者】 武红霞；

【导师】 邬飞波；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物栽培与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 麦绿素是一种富含蛋白质、叶绿素、矿物质、维生素、酶等的天然营养保健品。近年来，国内外对麦绿素的研究开发进程明显加快，生产和消费量呈迅速上升的趋势。作为麦绿素加工原料的大麦嫩叶，其生产量也相应明显增加。麦绿素专用大麦生产的方式完全有别于普通啤用或饲用大麦的生产，它以生产嫩叶(营养器官生物量)为对象，但目前在生产上人们仍基本沿用常规大麦品种及其栽培模式，存在着产量不稳不高的问题。本研究通过2000-2002年两季田间试验，试图筛选出苗期耐高温、分蘖力强、长势旺，嫩叶中富含叶绿素、蛋白质、SOD酶、有益矿物质(如钾)等营养物质的大麦品种，探讨高产优质麦绿素大麦生产的配套技术及适宜气象生态条件。研究的主要结果如下： 1．根据麦绿素专用大麦的品质要求，对国内外引入品种进行了大田种植筛选试验，根据叶绿素计读数(SPAD值)和生长速度，从58个材料中初选得到20个品种(系)，进一步分析这些材料的嫩叶产量、SOD酶活性、蛋白质及K含量等产量和品质性状，及刈青后再生能力，最终发现莆大麦苗期耐高温、分蘖力强、长势旺，嫩叶中富含叶绿素、蛋白质、SOD酶、有益矿物质(如钾)等营养物质，是一个较为理想的麦绿素专用品种。 2．2001年9月20日至11月20日每10d为一播期，共播7期，研究了不同播期对麦绿素大麦生长期、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，随着播期的推迟，大麦从播种到出苗、第一次收获所需天数依次延长，单行分蘖以第4播期最高，第6、7播期最低；第3、5播期的产量最高，品质也较优，第1、4播期的品质最优，产量也较高，而第6、7播期产量和品质都较差。因此，麦绿素大麦的适宜播期是第1、3、4、5播期(9月20日，10月10日-10月30日)。 3．以两个大麦品种为材料，在杭州条件下分7期播种，研究了麦绿素加工专用大麦 产量与气象因子的关系。结果表明，第一收获期产量与播种后第1旬平均温度呈显著 正相关，与第1．2旬的累积雨量显著负相关；第二收获期产量与第一次州青后第2 旬平均温度、第3旬降雨量显著正相关；三期总产量与播种后第2旬的平均温度呈极 显著正相关，与第6旬平均温度呈极显著负相关。分别建立了第一收获期产量、三期 总产量与生长天数、积温、降雨量及播种后第1、2。3旬平均温度的一元二次回归模 型，通过寻优获得了在第一收获期高产基础上获较高总产量的适宜气象生态条件：生 长天数100～130d、总积温1333～1433T、降雨量200～258mm，其中播种至第一次刘 青的积温、降雨量分别达800～880”C、162～202mm；播种后第l、2、3旬平均温度分 别为 19刀～19．2“C、14．9“C、12．0～14．8℃，月平均温度 14．8—16．5”C。 4．不同肥料处理（有机肥、有机肥＋海藻肥、有机肥＋菌肥、有机肥＋化肥、化肥）对 麦绿素用大麦产量和品质性状有显著的影响，有机肥基施配合追施化肥三期鲜叶总产 和品质性状优干单施有机肥和化肥处理，嫩叶蛋白质、SPAD值、SOD酶、硝酸还原 酶活性、叶绿素及氨基酸含量显著高于其它处理，且硝态氮含量较低；单施化肥干物 质积累虽略高于有机肥基肥配合追施化肥，但嫩叶VC含量显著较低，且硝态氮含量 显著较高；追施海藻肥、菌肥虽有利于降低硝态氮含量，但产量显著低于有机肥基肥 配合追施化肥。因此，有机肥基施配合追施化肥有利于提高麦绿素用大麦产量、改善 麦叶品质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Barley green is a kind of natural healthful nourishment enriched in the protein, mineral, enzymes, vitamins, chlorophyll, etc. For recent years, more and more research work has been done at home and abroad, and the production of barley tender leaves for processing barley green has been increasing. Tender leaves being the harvest organs, thus its production is quite different from that of malting and feedingstuff barley. However, the common malting and feedingstuff barley culture practices have still been adopted directly by fanners planting barley specially for processing barley green, which usually results in lower yield and quality. This experiment was conducted for two successive growth season (2000 and 2002) to select the cultivars suitable for barley green production with the characteristics such as flourishing seedling with much more tillers, high temperature tolerance, and high quality of fresh leaves rich in chlorophyll, protein, vitamins and mineral (for example, potassium) contents, and SOD activity. Furthermore, the optimal cultural practice, such as sowing date and fertilizer application, was studied for high yield and the improvement of quality, and the relationship between yield of barley tender leaves and major meteorological factors were analyzed. The results were as followers:1. According to special quality requirements of barley green to barley varieties, 58 varieties were primary selected from 100 cultivars introduced at home and abroad. Under field growing conditions, according to SPAD value and growth rate, 20 varieties were selected among these 58 varieties. Seedling yield and quality properties such as SOD activity, protein and potassium content of the 20 selected cultivars were determined. Two barley varieties fitted for producing barley green, enriching in protein and potassium and higher yield and SOD activity, were screened out in this study.2. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of sowing date on growth duration, yield and quality of barley leaves specially used for processing Barley Green. The results showed that with the postponing of sowing, the days of sowing to seedling and to the first harvesting stage were significantly prolonged, while the number of tillers per line of Hua-30 and Xiu 96-6 was significantly higher in the fourth sowing date (October 20) thanthat of others. The total leaves yield of three harvestings was significantly higher, with higher quality, in the third and fifth sowing date (October 10, and 30, respectively), compared with that of other sowing dates, while the quality such as content of chlorophyll, protein, vitamin C, potassium, SOD activity in the first (sowing on September 20) and fourth date was significantly higher than that of other sowing dates, and its yield is only lower than that of third and fifth sowing date. However, the yield and quality of sixth and seventh date (sowing on November 9, and November 19, respectively) are lower than that of other sowing dates. Therefore, the suitable sowing date of barley harvested for processing barley green is September 20, and October 10 to 30.3. The effect of climatic condition on yield of barley leaves used for processing of barley green and their relationship was determined by using two barley cultivars with seven sowing dates in Hangzhou. The results showed that the yield of first-term harvesting had a significantly positive correlation with the mean daily temperature of 10 days after sowing, while a significantly negative correlation with the total precipitation of the first and second ten days after sowing. Meanwhile, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the biomass yield of the second-term harvesting and mean daily temperature of the second 10 days and total precipitation of the third 10 days after first cutting, and as well as between the total yield and mean daily temperature of the second 10 days after sowing, while a negative correlation was found between total yield and mean daily temperature during 50-60d after sowing. Furthermore, curviline更多还原