【作者】 吴伟；

【导师】 朱军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以浙江省丰产性、抗性、生育期相仿，而品质遗传背景差异较大的早籼稻主栽品种：优质高产嘉早935和中质高产浙733为稻米品质研究材料，1999年(气温比常年明显偏低、多雨寡照的凉夏)和2000年(气温比常年略偏高，降雨与日照接近常年)分别在不同纬度的沿海平原——苍南、温岭、宁波、绍兴、嘉善和内陆丘陵——泰顺、遂昌、开化、临安、安吉十个地点进行大区对比种植，考察记载其生育动态和结实期的气象因子——日均温、日均最高温、日均最低温、日照时数和日均降雨量，以及碾米品质性状(糙米率、精米率、整精米率)、外观品质性状(粒长、长宽比、透明度、垩白度、垩白米率)、蒸煮食味品质性状(胶稠度、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量)与营养品质性状(蛋白质含量)。根据混合线性模型分析原理，采用包括基因型、年份、地点、年份×地点、基因型×年份、基因型×地点互作效应的混合线性模型，无偏地估计各项随机效应方差、成对性状间各项随机效应分量的协方差与相关系数(Rao，1971；Zhu，1992)，无偏预测各项随机效应值(Zhu，1993)，综合分析年份、地点、基因型及相互间的互作对浙江早籼稻品质性状遗传变异的影响。主要研究结果如下： 稻米品质性状中，主要受年份效应影响的是蛋白质含量，主要受与环境地点有关效应影响的是糙米率、整精米率、长宽比和透明度，精米率、粒长、垩白度、垩白米率、胶稠度、糊化温度(碱消值)和直链淀粉含量的变异主要来源于与基因型有关的效应。早稻灌浆结实期的气象因子中，日均温、日均最高温和日照时数的变异主要来源于年份间的差异，而日均最低温和日均降雨量的变异主要由年份与地点的互作引起。 糙米率、垩白度和蛋白质含量对不同年份的气象条件较敏感，而其余品质性状则相对较稳定。不同地点的差异很少影响糙米率、精米率、粒长、垩白米率、胶稠度、糊化温度(碱消值)和直链淀粉含量的变异，即这些性状的地点效应具有很好的稳定性；整精米率、长宽比和透明度的地点效应稳定性次之，垩白度最差。蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量、糊化温度(碱消值)、垩白米率不同年份不同地点的效应预测值未达显著，其余品质性状在不同年份的地点效应预测值存在显著差异。不同品种的糙米率、整精米率、粒长、长宽比、垩白度、垩白米率、糊化温度和蛋白质含量，以及嘉早935的透明度和浙733的胶稠度对不同年份的气候条件较不敏感，与此相反，浙733的透明度、嘉早935的胶稠度对气候具有较强的敏感性。糙米率、整精米率、粒长、透明度、蛋白质含量在不同地点的基因型效应没有显著性差异，具有较好的稳定性；精米率、长宽比、胶稠度、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量、圣白米率和圣白度在不同地点的基因型效应存在显著性差异，稳定性较差。阐述了早釉稻米品质在不同地点的变异和品种对不同地点的适应性。 从早稻灌浆结实期的生态环境来看，气温和日照时数年度间均呈显著差异。嘉善的气温地点效应预测值高于其它地点，日均最低温总体上内陆丘陵的地点效应高于沿海平原的效应；内陆丘陵日均降雨量大于苍南、温岭的日均降雨量，而小于嘉善、临安和宁波的日均降雨量。早稻结实期不同年份在不同地点的生态环境可分为四个气温生态区、四类日照时数地点。温岭和开化的生态环境总体上较有利于优化稻米品质。 稻米品质性状间的表型相关以糙米率和精米率的相关性最强，圣白度与圣白米率间次之，蛋白质含量与要白米率间的相关性最弱。气象因子与稻米品质性状表型相关中，气温与各品质性状的相关性最强，其中日均温与各性状间的相关系数绝对值最大，日均降雨量与品质性状间的相关性次之，日照时数与品质性状间的相关最弱。 稻米品质性状间的效应分量相关中，胶稠度与其它品质性状间的分量相关最强，并以胶稠度与圣白度、长宽比的年份分量呈极强的相关；圣白度、圣白米率与其它品质性状的分量相关性次之，直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量与其它性状间的分量相关最弱。品质性状与气象因子的效应分量相关中，气温、日照时数与糙米率、精米率、长宽比。蛋白质含量、胶稠度和圣白度的年份分量呈较强至强的相关，气温与精米率、整精米率、圣白度的年份X地点互作分量呈较强相关，气温与长宽比、圣白度、圣白米率的地点分量呈强至较强的相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two indica rice cultivars, Jiazhao 935 with good grain quality and Zhe 733 with medium grain quality, were widely planted common paddy rice in Zhejiang Province with similar yield potential, resistance to pests and diseases and times of maturity and obvious differences in genetic background. These two cultivars were grown at ten diverse ecological sites in Zhejiang Province to determine the relationships between rice qualities and and climatic factors during the grain filling stage. Rice quality traits included brown rice rate (BRR), milled rice rate (MRR), head milled rice rate (HMR), length (L) and ratio of length to thickness of brown rice (RLT), transparency (T), rate and degree of chalkiness (CR and C), gelatinization temperature (GT), gel consistency (GC), amylose content (AC) and protein content (PC), Climatic factors were daily mean air temperature, daily mean maximum air temperature, daily mean minimum air temperature, daily mean solar radiation and daily mean precipitation. Among ten experimental sites with different latitude, Changnan, Wenlin, Nibo, Shaoxing and Jiashan belong to the littoral plain regions, and Taishun, Shuichang, Kaihua, Lingan and Anji belong to inland hill regions. The experiments were conducted in two successive years, 1999 and 2000, with diverse climatic conditions. Compared to the mean value of multi-year data, 1999 showed markedly lower air temperature, increased precipitation and decreased solar radiation, however, 2000 showed higher air temperature and similar precipitation and radiation. A mixed linear model including the genotype, year and location effects and the interaction effects of year by location, genotype by year and genotype by location was employed to unbiasedly estimate variance component of random effects of each trait and correlation coefficients of each random effect among r ice q uality t raits(Rao, 1971; Zhu, 1989, 1992), t he v alues o f the r andom effects were predicated unbiasedly using the adjusted unbiased prediction(AUP, Zhu, 1993). Lastly, the effects of year, location, genotype and their interactions on the variation of grain quality traits for the early indica rice in Zhejiang were comprehensively analyzed. The main results were as followed:The results showed that, w ithin t he grain quality traits, PC was significantly affected by year, BRR, HMR, RLT and T was mainly affected by the effects related to location, and MRR, L, CR, C, GC, GT and AC were controlled primarily by genotype and its interaction with other factors. Within the climatic factors during the grain filing stage for the early rice, daily mean air temperature, daily mean maximum air temperature and daily mean solar radiation were mainly affected by the year factor, while the variations of daily mean minimum air temperature anddaily mean precipitation resulted mainly from the interactions between year and location.It was found that there were more sensitive responses of BRR, C and PC to the variation of climatic condition between different years, while relative smaller responses for the other quality traits. In this study, no significant differences among the effects of ten locations existed on BRR, MRR, L, CR, GC, RLT, GT and AC, respectively, implying locations have stable effects on these quality traits. In terms of stability of location effects, HMR, RLT and T showed lower and C showed lowest stability, respectively. There were no significances for the predicted values of interaction effects between year and location for other quality traits, except PC, AC, GT and CR. No significance of effects of genotype by year on BRR, HMR, L, RLT, C, CR, GT and PC and predicted values of Jiazhao 935 for T and Zho 733 for GC under different years were found, on the contrary, the BRR of the Jiazhao 935 and the GC of the Zhe 733 were significantly affected by the effects of genotype under different years. Meanwhile, it was also found that there were no significant differences in the effects of genotype by location interaction on BRR, HMR, L, T and PC, indicating good stability of effe更多还原