【作者】 袁晓红；

【导师】 王乃耀；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 世界史， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 前工业化时期(15—18世纪)，是西欧从封建主义向资本主义过渡、从传统农业社会向近代工业社会转变时期。在这一重要历史时期，英国的城乡关系发生了很大的转变。一般说来，城市和农村是封建经济的两个基本组成部分，城市的发展水平和特点，很大程度上体现了封建经济的发展水平和特点。但是，农村在整个社会经济发展过程中的作用同样不可忽视。无论是中世纪还是近代，城乡关系一直是客观存在的。城乡关系的改变与否决定了整个社会的面貌。马克思说：“城乡关系的面貌一改变，整个社会的面貌也跟着改变。”(《马克思恩格斯选集》，第1卷，人民出版社，1972年，第123页。)前工业化时期英国的城乡关系既不同于中世纪的城乡对立关系，也不同于近代城市统治乡村的关系，在这个世界历史发生重大转折的时期，英国的城乡关系出现了历史性的新局面：城乡经济相互推动，协调发展。 本文旨在以前工业化时期英国的城乡关系为研究对象，将城乡经济置于英国社会经济发展的整体框架之中，进行全方位的多向考察，以探讨在从封建主义向资本主义过渡中，由农业社会向工业社会具有重大意义的转折中，英国城乡经济的相互推动，协调发展以及城乡一体化的新型城乡关系的最终确立。 本文从三个方面对前工业化时期英国的城乡经济的协调发展进行论述，论述结构如下： 第一部分：前工业化时期英国乡村经济的发展与变革。通过对城市在乡村工业兴起与发展中所提供的资本、技术、劳动力等方面不可替代的作用、农业革命对城市经济发展的支持与推动以及乡村经济为城市经济发展带来的其他方面的积极影响，论述了城乡经济的协调发展与互动。 第二部分：前工业化时期城市发展的新变化。前工业化时期在农业革命、特别是在乡村工业的推动下，英国城市经历了旧城市的衰落与新兴城市的兴起的历史性更替过程，以伦敦为代表的英国城市为了适应这一变化，进行了经济结构和职能的调整和变革，从而推动了城乡一体化的形成。 第三部分：城乡经济的协调发展，城市网络的建立及城乡一体化的形成。城乡经济发展的互动，城乡经济的协调发展，互为补充，初步形成了以伦敦为核心的城市网络体系，最后成功地完成了城乡一体化的历史进程。 本文的结论：前工业化时期的英国城乡关系出现了历史性的新变化，它既不同于中世纪的城乡对立，也不同于近代城市统治乡村的关系，城乡之间联系日益加强，相互推动，协调发展，加速了城乡一体化的历史进程。前工业化时期英国城乡经济的相互促进、协调发展，加快了英国从封建主义向资本主义的全面过渡，从农业社会向近代工业社会的转变。英国因此率先实现了由封建主义向资本主义，由农耕世界向工业世界的过渡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thesis: The Harmonious Development of Economics of City-rural Areas in Pre - industrial Period in EnglandPre- industrial period (15-18 century) was the transition stage when the social status of western Europe was transforming from feudalism to capitalism and from traditional agriculture to industrial society. The import historical period witnessed the great changes of relations between town and country in England. Generally speaking, the feudal economy consists of two fundamental parts - the city economy and rural economy. The developmental level and feature in urban area, to rather high extent, reflect the same of feudal economy. Whereas, the role of rural areas played in the process of socioeconomic development should not be ignored either. Whether in the medieval times or in modern times, the relation between town and country have been in objective existence at all times. The transformation of the important relation decides the features of the entire society. Just as the remark of Marx, " Once the features of relation between town and country changes, the features of the entire society follow suit. " ( Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume I, people’ s publishing company, 1972 , P123. ) The relation between town and country of pre- industrialization period in England is both different from opposed relationship of city and rural area in medieval times and from that of city ruling over rural district in modern times. In the period when there was great turn happened in world history, a new historic complexion appeared in the relation between town and country: the economy of urban area and rural area was promoted mutually and developed in harmony.Taking the relation between town and country of pre-industrial period in England as the subject investigated, locating the economics in city and rural areas in the frame of socioeconomic development of England, the text aims at conducting a multi-aspect exploration to discuss the mutual promotion and harmonious development of economics of city and rural areas in England as well as the ultimate establishment of new relation between town and country characterized by integration of cities and rural areas during the transition from feudalism to capitalism and the important turnover from agriculture society to industrial society.The text will discuss the harmonious economical development of city and rural area in pre - industrial period in England from the three aspects. The discussion structure read as follows:Part one: The economical development and revolution of rural district in pre- industrial period in England. In terms of the non-replaceable function in capital, technology and work force etc of city played in the spring up of rural industry, the support and promotion for development of urban economy of the agricultural revolution and the aggressive influence on other aspect of the urban economy development brought by the economy of rural districts, the text discuss the harmonious development of interaction of economics in city and rural areas.Part two: The new changes happened in the urban development in pre - industrialperiod. Motivated by the agricultural revolution, especially by the rural industries in pre-industrial period, the Britain cities undergone the historical alternation course when old city was declining and boomtown was arising. Many England cities, represented by London, conducted the adjustment and revolution on the economic structure and functions to adapt themselves on the changes. Consequently, these push forward the city-rural integration to come into being.Part three: The harmonious development of city-rural economy, the establishment of city network and the integration of city-rural area. The interaction and economic development in city and rural areas, the harmonious development and mutual supplement of city-rural economy, provided the condition to form the city network system with London as the nuclear and successfully complete the historical course of integration of city-rural areas in the end.The conclusi更多还原