【作者】 吴瑛；

【导师】 薛惠锋；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 环境污染是社会发展中的突出问题，严重阻碍了可持续发展的进行。作为国民经济发展支柱力量的工业企业，污染尤为突出。控制工业企业污染，进行有效的污染控制决策，对于环境与经济的协调发展具有重要的意义。其中，作为整个决策的关键，研究并制定有效的污染控制政策，具有重要的现实意义。 从可持续发展理论出发，探讨环境经济系统协调发展的内涵，指出政策的制定应以两者的协调发展为着眼点。立足经济学角度，分析环境污染的本质，指出环境的公共物品、外部性特征导致市场在环境资源配置中失灵，而政府失灵现象的存在，要求建立市场与政府共同作用的污染控制机制。结合工业污染特征和控制目标，分析工业污染控制手段，指出严格执行环境标准、建立并完善排污收费制度是当前污染控制政策实施的重点和关键。从环境效益与经济效果两个角度出发，利用计量经济学方法，建立污染损害模型、污染削减费用模型、污染排放预测模型，分析排污收费费率的制定原则和控制政策的实施效果。利用环境经济学原理，对政策的制定和完善进行探讨。 利用计算机技术，建立并开发污染控制决策系统。结合实证分析，对环境标准与排污收费的实施效果进行比较，对超标排污收费与排污收费的应用进行探讨，并对环境标准的具体制定以及排污收费的征收费率进行分析，对于发展和完善我国污染控制政策，具有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental pollution is a serious problem of society and hinder its sustainable development. Industry enterprises, as the backbone of national economy, pollute more. It is important to control industry enterprises pollution and make effective decision for the sake of environment and economy harmony. As the key of the decision, i t is meaningful to carry out research and lay down effective pollution control policy. Based on sustainable development theory and harmonious development connotation, it is concluded that policy should take into account the development of both of environment and economy. According to pollution essence, environment characters of public goods and externality result in the failure of market in environment resource allocation. Meanwhile, government failure exists. All ask for joint effort of market and government in pollution control. From industry enterprises pollution character, pollution control object and current policy instrument, strictly execution of environment standard and pollution charge is vital in pollution control policy. Based on econometrics and from the viewpoint of environment benefit and economy effect, pollution damage model, pollution abatement cost model and pollution forecast model are established, and the principle of charge rate formulation and pollution charge enforcement effect are analyzed. Further, formulation and perfection of policy are discussed.Pollution control decision system is developed with the help of computer. According to the result of demonstration, enforcement of environment standard and pollution charge is compared, the application of over-standard pollution charge and pollution charge is discussed, environment standard and pollution charge rate are analyzed. All are important to the development and perfection of pollution control policy in China.更多还原