国际贸易中技术壁垒应对策略研究

【作者】 马建军；

【导师】 武春友；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 我国已经加入世界贸易组织，意味着企业进入了全方位的市场竞争，既是难得的机遇，又是严峻的挑战。随着经济全球化的迅猛发展，国际贸易中的关税壁垒受到制约并逐步消除，由于关税壁垒造成的贸易障碍越来越小，然而以技术法规、标准与合格评定程序等为主要形式的贸易技术壁垒却越来越突出。 我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，我国出口产品正面临越来越多的主要来自发达国家的TBT措施的挑战。近年来，我国有60％的出口企业不同程度地遭到了国外技术性壁垒，影响了我国出口总额的25％。在一定时期内贸易技术壁垒将成为21世纪我国出口商品的巨大障碍。在应对贸易技术壁垒方面，我国仍存在较多问题，如何突破技术壁垒，保证我国国民经济健康持续发展，已成为当前我国政府、企业界、学术界共同关注的一个焦点问题。 本文从贸易技术壁垒分析着手，结合世界主要发达国家的贸易技术壁垒种类、主要表现形式、涉及范围、特点和发展趋势，针对我国出口企业利益因遭遇贸易技术壁垒而受损的表现形式及其原因进行深入剖析，认为在突破贸易技术壁垒方面我国还存在着体制性障碍、企业技术基础性工作薄弱、标准化体系不健全、检验检测体系不完善等诸多问题。结合应对贸易技术壁垒措施的一般理论分析，本文提出要想突破贸易技术壁垒，政府、企业应齐动手，在查找内因上下功夫，采取多层次措施。首先，我国政府应加快体制改革，加强对外交流与合作。其次，提高企业核心竞争力。第三，应尽快完善我国标准化体系，加快与国际接轨，提高我国各级标准水平。第四，构建我国自己的贸易技术壁垒防御体系，合法巧妙地保护国内市场的经济安全。 改革开放以来，我国的对外贸易大幅增长，在国民经济中起到了重要作用。在加入WTO后将有更大的发展，发挥更大的作用。但是，面对我国商品在国际市场上面临着越来越广泛的，几乎是所有领域的TBT的挑战，我国政府与企业应该走自力更生之路，在不断提高综合国力的基础上，查原因，找对策，瞄准世界一流，不断“强身健体”，增强超越能力，从容应对贸易技术壁垒的挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 China entering into WTO means that companies entering into complete market competition which brings both challenges and opportunities. With the rapid development of globalization, tariff barriers in international trade are more and more decreased. On the contrary, technical barriers to trade such as technical code, technical standard have stood out recently.China is the biggest developing country in the world. The export conduct of China is facing the challenge from developed countries’ TBT. In recently years, the total export conducts reduced about 25 percent because 60 percent of export companies in China encountered foreign technical barriesr. Technical barriers to trade will be the biggest obstacle to ehe export conducts of Chinga in the early years of 21 century. China still faces a lot of problems in dealing with technical barriers to trade. It is a focal question to government, corporation and academe that how to break through technical barriers.This paper, based on analysis of technical barriers to trade, according to the kinds of technical barriers to trade, appearance forms, involved area, characteristic and developing extend, the reality of Chinese companies dealing with technical barriers to trade is analyzed deeply. Conclusions reached are that China is lack of integration of rules and regulations on TBT. Solutions are proposed. Firstly, Chinese government should further develop system reform and international exchange. Secondly, firms need to increase their competence. Thirdly, our systems of standardization need to be fully completed. Lastly, our own TBT should be formed to protect our economy.China’ s foreign trade has been largely increased since the carrying out of open policy, and it will be further developed with China’ s entering into WTO. However, facing the TBT in the international market of nearly all industries, Chinese government as well as Chinese firms have to examine themselves, find out reasons and solutions, aiming at the first level in the world , build up their own competence, then face the challenges from TBT.更多还原