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图象及几何建模的虚拟现实技术研究

Research on Technologies of Virtual Reality Based on Image and Geometry Modeling

【作者】 张永志

【导师】 李志明;

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 , 机械设计及理论, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 虚拟现实(VR:Virtual Reality)是计算机生成的给人多种感官刺激的虚拟世界(环境),是一种高级的人机交互系统。将虚拟现实技术引入制造业已被实践证明是行之有效的。同时,计算机软硬件技术的发展和微型计算机的普及,使研究基于微机的虚拟现实技术成为可能。 有两种方法实现基于微机的虚拟现实:基于图象的方法和基于几何建模的方法。这两种方法各有其优缺点。如:基于图象的方法虽然实时性和逼真性都很好,但由于基于图象的方法建立的场景实际上并不是真三维实体,因此,只能实时浏览,而不能实时交互操纵;同时,目前还没有高效实用的全景漫游算法实现虚拟场景自由漫游;基于几何建模的方法虽然支持实时操纵,但数据量大,在动态建模、碰撞检测等方面还存在技术难点;基于图形与图象的混合建模技术可以集两者的优点于一体,但是其实现也带来很多技术上的困难和人机交互的难度。 本研究的主要目的是:在深入研究基于图象的方法的关键技术基础上,讨论如何将基于图象与几何建模的方法有机地结合起来,实现基于图象的虚拟实时漫游中的场景平滑联接和过渡。本论文的重点是基于图象的建模和绘制方法的算法设计与改进。 本研究属于应用基础研究,主要是围绕基于图象的虚拟环境漫游系统构建工作展开的。首先对基于微机的虚拟现实技术基本理论进行分析,提出了基于图象与几何建模相结合的虚拟现实系统结构;然后论证了基于图象的固定视点全景空间浏览算法,提出了一种图象拼接算法,并实际编程实现;最后对基于图象绘制的关键技术进行分析,研究了如何从已知立体匹配的图象序列和全景图中插值来恢复中间图象的关键技术,并提出了一种基于全景图的虚拟车间漫游系统从采样到实现的全过程方法。 本文的工作形成了基于图象的虚拟环境漫游系统的一条完整的技术路线,基本可以作为虚拟漫游软件系统开发的理论基础;本文还在图象拼接算法方面做出了一些改进,可以为基于图象的绘制的实现提供参考。

【Abstract】 Virtual Reality (VR) can be defined as the simulation of the real world, and an advanced interactive system.Applying VR technologies to the process of industry has been proved to be impactful . PC-based VR Technologies are becoming popular research areas due to the rapid development of technologies and the popularization of using computer.There are two methods to implement a PC-based VR scene : the image-based modeling and rendering (1BMR) and the geometry-based modeling and rendering (GBMR).Both of them have their advantages and disadvantages. For example:Although IBMR has good realistic effects and good real-time capability,a virtual scene built by IBMR can not been a real body in 3-dimensional geometry space. GBMR supports manipulation, however , it faces some difficulties such as dynamic modeling, collision detection , accepting collision, etc.The objection of this research is based on the study respectively on the theories and implementations of IBMR VR and GBMR VR.The emphases of the thesis in algorithmic design and improvement.This research belongs to the category of the research of application foundation. The major research is around the modeling and rendering of the virtual environment.At first, analysis on the theory of Virtual Reality and realize the panaromic image-based environment navigation system. At second , the key technologies of the image mosaic and view morphing are analyzed.At last,a virtual machining system ,which is the integration of the image-based virtual workshop is constructed using the reposition method to achieve the visual consistency of the virtual scene.This system combines the advantages of image-based VR.Consequently ,this systems both high rendering quality and good real-time interactivity, and thus has a very good application perspective.

  • 【分类号】TP391.9
  • 【被引频次】12
  • 【下载频次】642
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