港口开展物流服务的必要性分析及发展策略

【作者】 王轶楠；

【导师】 徐??；

【作者基本信息】 上海海运学院 ， 产业经济学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际市场一体化和经济竞争全球化的发展，运输企业面临着新的挑战，必须在利润率降低的条件下提高服务质量，在提高市场反应速度的同时给客户提供更多的服务种类。因此，各种运输主体，如航运企业、公路运输企业、港口企业、仓储企业、货运代理企业等纷纷以提供现代物流服务的方法来提高自身的核心竞争力。 港口作为运输系统中的重要节点，承担着水陆运输方式转换的重要职能，同时又是进行仓储和流通加工的最佳位置，在现代物流系统中占有极为重要的地位。但是，对港口开展物流服务的必要性及其应采取的发展策略还缺少理论上的研究。目前，世界的一些港口已经开始提供物流服务，发展港口物流逐渐成为港口企业必须面临的课题。本文系统地讨论了港口提供物流服务的必要性并提出了政府和港口企业应采取的策略，希望这篇文章能为今后在港口物流方面的进一步深入研究奠定基础。 本文共分三个部分：引言、正文和结束语。正文大体可以分为两个部分，第一部分是对港口开展物流服务必要性的论述，包括第一章至第四章的内容，第二部分是对港口开展物流服务提出的政策建议，包括第五章和第六章。正文具体内容如下： 第一章概括介绍了物流与航运物流。首先给出了物流的定义、发展阶段及其基本功能，然后给出了航运物流的定义，介绍航运物流系统的参与者和航运物流系统所创造的价值。阐明了港口作为航运物流系统中的一个重要组成部分在开展物流服务方面具有得天独厚的条件，对于整个供应链的稳定发挥着不可忽视的作用。 第二章首先揭示了经济环境、生产方式、企业组织形式等方面的新变化，指出这些变化对运输业产生了新的要求，各种运输主体都在积极地向提供整合物流服务方向转型。本章重点介绍了港口所面临的挑战，指出了港口开展物流服务的必要性和迫切性，此外还阐明了港口提供物流服务所具有的优势，并针对我国港口现状提出了我国港口开展物流服务的有利条件和迫切要求。 第三章运用博弈论中完全信息静态模型来模拟同一区域内生产能力相近的几家港口开展物流服务前后的市场竞争结构，比较了港口之间在开展物流服务前后并达到纳什均衡的条件下在价格、市场份额、所得利润等方面的差异，指出了在合理控制物流成本的前提下，开展物流服务的港口具有更强的竞争力优势。 第四章中首先介绍了目前世界上一些港口开展物流服务的现状，然后指出为适应物流时代的新要求，港口应向着大型化、集装箱化、高效化、信息化及可持续化方向发展。 第五章从政府的角度提出促进港口提供物流服务的策略选择。首先提出了“市场失效”概念，然后阐明港日物流市场中确实存在着“市场失效”现象，进而指出政府调控的重要性，并提出了政府应采用的手段。最后指出政府调控必须遵循市场导向，实行政府与市场二元机制的有效调节。 第六章从港口企业的角度提出了开展港口物流服务的策略选择，包括联合策略、产品策略和客户服务策略。强调港口企业应根据港口特点提供高附加值的物流增值服务，并向提供供应链管理服务的方向发展。 文章最后提出了港口物流应进一步研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of market integration and the trend of global economic competition, transportation companies face new challenge. They have to supply with high quality service with lower profit rate and offer more kinds of choices to customers with quick reaction. So every part in the transportation chain, including railroads, shipping lines, trucking companies, freight forwarders and warehouse operations, are trying to improve their competitive advantage by offering logistics service. As a pivot node, port plays an important role in transferring the transportation modes and is the best site for storing and logistical processing. But there are still not many researches on the necessity of the port logistics and the strategy the government and the port authority should take. Now some ports have offered logistics service. Developing port logistics has become an urgent problem that has to be discussed. This article analyzes the necessity of port authority offering logistics service and the development strategy. This article will provide a basis for further investigation in this realm.This article contains three divisions: Introduction, Body and Epilogue. The body can be divided into two parts. The first part includes the material from chapter I to chapter IV. The second part consists of chapter V and chapter VI. The details of the body are followings:Chapter I introduces the logistics and shipping logistics. This chapter gives out the definition of the logistics and its development stage, then it defines the shipping logistics, the participants of the shipping logistics system and the value created by the shipping logistics system. As an important part of shipping logistics system the port enjoys exceptional advantages in offering logistics service and plays an important role.Chapter II reveals the changes in the economy environment, the mode of production and the enterprise organization. Then it points out that these changes have raised new requirements to transportation industry. According to the new requirement every part in the transportation chain offers integrated logistics service actively. This chapter also introduces the challenge the ports are facing with and points out the necessity and the urgency of offering logistics service by ports. Thelatter of this chapter clarifies the advantage of offering logistics service by the ports in China.Chapter III uses the complete information static game model to simulate the port competition market in one area and draws a conclusion that by controlling the cost the port offering logistics service can get more competitive advantage.Chapter IV introduces the current situation of many ports that are offering logistics service and points out that in order to comply with the trend of logistics the port should develop to the direction of large-scale, containerization, high efficiency, informationization and sustainable development.Chapter V points out the strategy the government should take. It gives out the definition of "market failure" and the importance of the government adjustment. According to the fact that there exists " market failure" in the port logistics market, some strategies have to be taken by the government. At the same time the government adjustment has to follow the direction of the market.Chapter VI points out the strategy of developing ports logistics that the port authority should take, including alliance strategy, product strategy and the CS strategy. The port authority should begin with offering high value added logistics service and offering supply chain management as the destination. In order tosustain stable source of goods, the port company should tightly hold the whole supply chain of customers’ .In the end the article points out the direction of further investigation.Wang Yinan (Industrial Economics) Directed by Professor Xu Jianhua更多还原