物流运作中协同问题的研究

【作者】 唐海丹；

【导师】 宗蓓华；

【作者基本信息】 上海海运学院 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济增长方式由量的扩张到质的提高的转变以及物流市场需求不断扩大，物流业已逐步成为一个独立产业，并受到各方的广泛关注和重视。从系统的观点来看，它是一个由众多“子系统”(即它的各要素)组成的系统。在这个系统中不仅存在着内部各子系统间相互作用，而且还与周围环境进行着资金、货物、信息等多种形式的外部交流，因此物流系统是一个复杂的开放系统。同时，这种开放系统作为一有机整体，其内部各子系统的机制功能必须相互协调合作，并具备同等的应变能力，才能提高效率、降低成本。高度的协同性是效率化的体现，也是物流供应链真正意义上生存的必要条件。这种物流供应链的一体化功能内在的对效率、协作的要求使得本文作者产生了应用协同学来研究的想法。 协同学中的“协同”指的是复杂系统中各组成要素之间，各子系统之间在操作运行过程中的合作、协调、同步。在宏观上这一概念表现为整个系统的有序化。协同学把一切研究对象看成是由组元、部分或子系统构成的系统，这些子系统彼此之间通过物质，能量或者信息交换等方式相互作用。通过子系统之间的这种相互作用，整个系统将形成一种整体效应或者一种新型的结构。在系统这个层次，这种整体效应(协同效应)具有某种全新的性质，而这种性质在微观层次是不可能具备的。 本文正是在这样的背景之下，针对物流对效率、协作的要求，运用协同学理论工具，研究和分析物流大系统中的物流企业系统和生产型企业中的物流内、外部及其相关因素的协同关系，以探索如何促使物流有序化、推动物流研究的发展，寻求完善和提高物流经济效益的途径。 论文全文包括引言和六章内容。引言部分主要指出将协同学应用于探索物流的内、外部及其相关因素之间关系的意义与价值，将论文研究的思路用框图的形式表示，并对论文中物流企业系统和生产型企业系统的物流这两个方面的具体研究进行了概括。第一章通过作者对“物流热”所产生的两点思考来提出问题，说明研究的动机、研究理论的确定依据，以及研究中的难点和本文所作的工作，为下文作铺垫。第二章重点对协同学理论进行系统的概述。对其理论的核心含义进行探讨、阐述了协同学的基本概念、基本原理和基本方法及其与其他系统理论之间的关系、同时指出协同学处理问题的局限性和不足。随后概述了协同学在自然科学和社会经济中的应用，以及本文所应用的主要协同学参量。第三章以生产型企业系统为研究对象，将企业中有一定利润的销售额确定为微观序参量，建立生产型企业系统的序参量方上海海运学院硕士学位论文 摘要程来描述该系统的演化，通过对势函数极小值的分析来解释该系统宏观状态的变化，得出合理改变物流投资的分配可以将系统引向我们所希望的高产量高销售的供求状态的结论。从协同学的角度，运用简明的数学语言来说明将物流业务运作外包给第三方物流公司对生产型企业的好处。第四章首先纵向地说明现代物流的发展产生了协同需求这一观点；其次，尝试性地应用协同学的自组织理论来探讨物流企业获利能力的演化规律。构建了企业的六大业务收入能力维度，建立物流企业获利能力的自组织运动方程，对物流企业系统整体结构不稳定性和获利能力序参量特征进行了分析，最后从对物流企业获利能力的“势”分析和非平衡相变现象的描述中探索物流企业系统的演变和走势。第五章应用协同学自组织临界理论构建物流企业系统在物流网络区中的协同运输模型，推出控制参量临界值公式，然后结合实例分析得出的数据，编写程序并计算出分叉点控制参量Kc的数值，求出几个主要的序参量之间的对应关系，为物流运输调运决策提供依据。最后在第六章中，笔者概括了全文的主要结论，并就本人研究的主要结论对后续研究提出建议。 本文的主要结论是：第一，应用势函数分析的方法来探讨生产型企业物流运作方式的选择，得出生产型企业应该将物流业务外包的结论。第二，物流企业的获利能力序参量是在内部六大获利维的协同演化和市场要求降低物流成本、信息技术发展等外参量的作用下，演化为稳定的过渡获利能力，进而演化到新的获利能力结构的产生。这种非平衡相变的演化过程中体现出较强的自组织特性。第三，构建物流网络区现代物流服务商的市场竟争力随运转费等因素影响的数学模型，以某物流公司为实例，通过模型的计算结果说明该公司市场竞争力在各种影响因素影响下的演化规律，研究结果符合该物流公司经营的实际情况，由此说明模型的可用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In company with the mode of economic growth changed from quantity expanding to quality improvement and market demand enlarged, logistics has become an independent industry and gained more and more recognition. In the standpoint of system, logistics is one which consist of a great many subsystems and element. The system not only exist interaction of internal subsystems, but also exchanged capital, cargo and information with external environment. Therefore, logistics is a complex system with opening character. As an organic entirety, the internal subsystems must collaborate one another, and possess coordinative capacity to cope with environmental change, so as to enhancing efficiency and reducing cost. Extensive cooperativeness is a must of logistics. The demand of logistics’ efficiency and cooperation caused the author thought about apply Synergetics to research logistics.Synergetic refers to elements and subsystems that build up a complex system cooperate and synchronize one another during operation and function process. In macroscopic view, the concept represent ordering of the whole complex system. By means of interaction among subsystems, the whole system would form a kind of integral effect or a new structure. The integral effect possessed a brand-new character, which couldn’t presence in microcosmic level.Under such background, aiming at efficiency and cooperation of logistics, this paper take advantage of the Synergetics Theory to research and analyzing synergism of logistics enterprise and logistics function of manufacturing enterprise, to promote ordered logistics, seek after the way to sophisticate and improve economic efficiency.The whole paper included introduction and six chapters. The main content of introduction was signification of Synergetics in applying to logistics research and a block diagram illustrating main structure of this paper. Meanwhile the author summarized the specific research of logistics enterprise and logistics function of manufacturing enterprise in this paper. Chapter one explained the motive of the paper by means of author’s reflect on logistics’ popularity, and then formulize the applicability of Synergetics theory in applying to logistics research and difficultyin the research. Chapter two was a systematically overview of Synergetics theory. The basic concept, principle and method of Synergetics were summarized. Its applications in natural science and social science were introduced, and its shortcoming and limitation were also pointed out. In the end of this chapter, the main parameters of Synergetics which cited in the paper were listed. Chapter three took logistics function of manufacturing enterprise as research object. The sales amount of enterprise was defined as microcosmic order parameter. We established an order parameter equation of manufacture enterprise system to characterize evolvement of the system. Through analyzing the minimal value of potential function, the transformation of the system in macroscopic status was commentated. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that logistics business outsourcing was good for manufacturing enterprise. In Chapter four, the author illuminated standpoint that the development of logistics generated demand of synergetic. Then, the author attempted to make a study of evolvement of logistics enterprise’s yielding ability. Logistics enterprise’s six dimensionality of yielding ability and yielding ability’s self-organization equation of motion were constituted. Character of yielding ability’s order parameter was analysed. At last of the chapter, evolvement and trend of logistics enterprise system’s yielding ability were explored through analysis of yielding ability’s potential function and non equilibrium phase transition. Chapter five took advantage of Synergetics theory to established an synergetic transportation model of logistics enterprise system in transportation network. Control parameter threshold value equation was derived and we combined data of logistics enterprise’s instance to writer a program to calculate numer更多还原