【作者】 谢彩侠；

【导师】 韩锦峰； 张重义；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要对同一山药品种在沁阳、平遥两个产地的生长与成分积累动态；同一环境下不同山药品种的品质及鉴别特征；不同山药产地GBS特征、山药品质等方面进行了研究，结果如下： 1．相同山药品种的生长基本上不随产地而改变，但根茎、茎、叶中N、P、K含量、叶中叶绿素含量及根茎中淀粉酶活性因产地而不同。山药对N、P的吸收高峰在块茎膨大盛期前后，对K的吸收在整个生育时期基本上比较稳定；沁阳山药中N、P、K含量较高，平遥较低。两产地山药叶中叶绿素含量均在块茎膨大初期最高，后随生育进程而降低，但沁阳在块茎膨大后期下降幅度不大，而平遥下降幅度较大；两产地山药根茎中淀粉酶活性在块茎膨大初期和叶枯期最低，沁阳产区到盛期活性急剧升高，后期保持稳定，而平遥产区到盛期活性上升不明显，后期迅速上升。 2．相同山药品种根茎在沁阳、平遥两产区成分积累动态差别不大，但各成分含量有差别。淀粉含量随生育进程而降低，沁阳产区淀粉含量高于平遥产区。蛋白质在整个生育进程中积累比较稳定，沁阳产区蛋白质含量高于平遥产区。水、醇溶性浸出物含量随生育进程而降低，沁阳产区浸出物含量高于平遥产区。多糖含量以初期和叶枯期较高，沁阳产区多糖含量远高于平遥。两产地山药生育时期内根茎中多糖含量与根茎淀粉酶活性、P、N含量均呈负相关，而且与淀粉酶活性的相关程度达到显著水平；与醇溶性浸出物含量呈正相关；与其它指标的相关性因产地而不同。 3．不同山药品种根茎中各成分含量不同。不同品种淀粉含量存在显著差异，但各个品种间差异不显著。蛋白质含量存在极显著差异，花籽山药、白玉山药差异不显著；铁棍山药、山西太谷两者差异也不显著，但与花籽、白玉相比差异均达显著水平；温县太谷山药，与其它品种相比差异 均达显著水平。水溶性浸出物含量存在极显著差异，花籽山药其它四个 品种相比差异均达显著水平；山西太谷山药、白玉山药、温县太谷山药 差异不显著；铁棍山药与其它品种相比差异达显著水平。醇溶性浸出物 含量存在显著差异，但各个品种间差异不显著。水分含量存在极显著差 异，铁棍山药与其它四个品种相比，差异达显著水平；其它四个品种间 差异不显著。多糖含量存在极显著差异，铁棍山药与其它四个品种相比， 差异达显著水平，而其它四个品种间差异不显著。 4．不同山药品种根茎细胞后含物和淀粉酶同工酶酶谱特征有差别，但同 一原品种经引种后鉴别特征无差别。由鉴别特征看，铁棍山药与太谷山 药、白玉山药、花籽山药差别较大，亲缘关系较远；白玉山药和花籽山 药，亲缘关系最近；太谷山药、白玉山药和花籽山药亲缘关系较近。 5．不同产地山药根茎中淀粉含量存在显著差异，但各产地之间差异不显 著；不同产地山药根茎中蛋白质含量存在极显著差异，而且各个产地之 间差异达显著水平；不同产地山药根茎中水溶性浸出物含量存在极显著 差异，其中平遥、太谷、沁阳三者差异不显著，温县与其相比，差异均 达显著水平；不同产地醇浸出物含量存在极显著差异，各个产地之间差 异均达显著水平；不同产地山药多糖含量存在极显著差异，高低依次为 沁阳＞温县＞平遥＞太谷。其中平遥与太谷差异不显著，温县与这两地 相比，差异均达极显著水平。 6．不同产地土壤及山药中微量元素有差异。沁阳土壤中Ni、Se、MgO％、 CaOO、Cu、Co含量较高，Mn、Ti、NaO％、K％含量较低。沁阳山药中 Cu、Nb、Ga含量最高，从富集能力看，山药对诸元素平均富集能力为P eK＞Cu＞Zn＞Mg＞NatosrDeMil，而沁阳山药对P、Sr、Zn、Cu、K、 Na的富集能力均大于其它两产区。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article is the study on the same variety Chinese yam’s growth and development and ingredient unused trends in Qinyang and Pingyao ; on the quality and the discrimination character of different variety’s yam in the same producing area ;on the character of GBS and the quality in different producing area of the yam.1. The growth and development almost doesn’t change with the producing areas, but the content of nitrogen , phosphen kalium in the rhizoma stem leaf, that of chlorophyll in leaf , but the activeness of amylase in the amylase in the rhizoma isn’t the case . The absorb flower of nitrogen^ phospher is about in flower, the absorb of kaliumis almost steady in the whole growth stage ; The higher content of nitrogen phospher , kalium in Qinyang yam is higher than that in Pingyao . The higher content of chlorophyll appears in the rhizoma inflate initial stage in the two producing areas, then reduces with the growth course , but the debase extent is less in Qinyang , more in Pingyao; amylase activeness in the rhizoma is more less in the initial stage and dormancy, increasing sharp in flower in Qinyang , keeping steady in dormancy, but increasing not obvious in flower in Pingyao , sharp in dormancy.2. The difference between the two area is slightly in ingredient unused , but the content of all ingredients is not the same. The content of the starch ishigher in the initial stage and flower , that in Qinyang is higher than that in Pingyao ; The unusedness of the protein is almost steady in the whole stage, the content of it in Qinyang is higher than that in Pingyao . The content of water-solubility and mellow-solubility substances reduces with the growth stage , the content of it in Qinyang is higher than that in Pingyao; The content of amylose is higher in initial stage and dormancy , that in Qinyang is much higher than that in Pingyao. The content of amylose has an negative correlation with the content of nitrogen , phospher and the amylase activeness in the rhizoma , what’s more, the correlation with amylase has an obvious level, the positive correlation with mellow-solubility substance, different correlation with other factors in different producing areas.3. The content of all ingredient is different in different varieties yam. The content of starch has obvious difference among varieties , but no obvious difference between varieties ; obvious difference on protein, the content of protein is highest in Huazi yam and Baiyu yam with no obvious difference between them, that of Tiegun and Shanxi Taigu yam is in middle with no obvious difference and obvious difference in contrast to Huazi and Baiyu, that of Wenxian Taigu is laighest with obvious difference in contrast to other four varieties ; The content of water-solubility substance has bally obvious difference , that of Huazi is the highest with obvious difference in contrast to other four varieties , that of Tiegun is laighest with obvious difference in contrast to other four varieties , that of Shanxi Taigu, Baiyu and Wenxian Taigu is in the middle with no obvious difference between them; The content of mellow-solubility substance has obvious differencewith no obvious difference between them; The content of water has obvious difference , that of Tiegun is laighest with obvious difference in contrast to other four varieties , not between other four varieties ; The content of amylose has bally obvious difference , that of Tiegun is the highest with obvious difference in contrast to other four varieties , not between other four varieties .4. It has difference in the character of the cell mothball substance and isomorphic amylase chart among varieties, but no difference between primitive and different variety. It has spinal oxalic acid rime, with slightly difference among four varieties . Among them, the rime of Wenxian Taigu and Shanxi Taigu is thin and long , slightly clarity, that of Baiyu is short and thin, clarity. That of Tiegun is short and fat, obscurity, having obvious distinction with other three varieties . The isomorp更多还原