【作者】 刘燕；

【导师】 钱晓鸣；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 微生物学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 伞菌是森林生态系统中的重要组成部分，武夷山自然保护区的菌物资源十分丰富，迄今为止尚未有人系统地对其做过研究。本文首次尝试性地从分类学角度系统地研究了武夷山两种林地生态系统下，即南方铁杉林和马尾松林下的伞菌的种属组成。综合2000年8月至2001年9月间的调查研究结果，在武夷山自然保护区南方铁杉林和马尾松林两地采集伞菌共计14科、40属、110种，1亚种，2变种，此外尚17号存疑标本待定，其中以红菇科Russulaceae、丝膜菌科Cortinariaceae和牛肝菌科Boletaceae的种类和数量占优势。其中，叔群华牛肝菌Sinoboletus tengii Zang & Y.Liu是新种，硬湿伞Hygrocybe firma(Berk.et Broome)Singer、锥盖暗金钱菌Phaeocollybia coniuncta Horak和东方黄盖鹅膏Amanita orientogemmata Zhu L.Yang & Yoshim Doi是我国的新记录种，卵孢鹅膏A.ovalispora Boedijn、欧氏鹅膏A.oberwinklerana Zhu L.Yang & Yoshim Doi、鸡足山乳菇Lactarius chichuensis W.F.Chiu和毛脚乳菇L.hirtipes J.Z.Ying为福建省的新记录种。为便于区分，每科含属数在2个或2今以上者及每属内包含种数在3个或3个以上者均附检索表。 在已查明的114种伞菌中，共发现外生菌根菌8科，15属，43种，占总数的33.1％，种类最多的是红菇属Russula和丝膜菌属Cortinarius。 根据论文所研究的伞菌类群，从科的地理分布看，热带亚热带成分只有粉褶菌科Entolomataceae一科；北温带成分的科有两个，即蜡伞科Hygrophoraceae和丝膜菌科；其余的科均为世界广布的科，占总科数的78.6％。根据对40个属的地理分布的比较研究，结果显示仍然以广布成分(47.5％)为主，其次是北温带成分(27.5％)和热带成分(10％)。表明武夷山自然保护区伞菌的科属以广布成分为主，其次为北温带成分和热带成分。 研究武夷山伞菌区系和毗邻地区伞菌的区系成分发现，该区系向北与华东、华中地区联系紧密；向南与台湾及西南地区联系紧密；与日本、东南亚等地在区系成分上也都有联系。可见武夷山地区的菌物区系，处于东西相联，南北贯通的位置上，从区系成分看也是温热两带俱全。 此外，本文还研究了各种生态因子，主要是水分、温度、季相以及树种组成对伞菌分布、发生的影响。最后提出今后的研究工作重点应放在进行伞菌分离培养，并建立相对应的真菌基因数据库，以便于后续的外生菌根的分子鉴定工作；另一方面可对伞菌中一些具有经济价值的食用、药用类群进行开发利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This is the first systematic taxonomic study that has been carried out on wild agarics under the woods of Tsuga chinensis var. techekiangensis and Pinus massoniana of Wuyishan Nature Reserve. From August,2000 to September,2001,the author had identified 171 specimen. As a result of this research,these specimens were classified into 113 species in 40 genus of 14 families. Three families,Russulaceae,Cortinariaceae and Boletaceae,stand out predominantly because of the number of respective species and output. Sinoboletus tengii Zang & Y. Liu is new to the world. 3 other species,i.g. Phaeocollybia coniuncta Horak,Hygrocybe firm (Berk. & Broome) Sing,and Amanita orientogemmata Zhu L.Yang & Yoshim Doi,are new to China. A. ovalispora Boedijn,A.oberwinklerana Zhu L.Yang & Yoshim Doi,Lactarius chichuensis W. F. Chiu and L.hirtipes J. Z. Ying are 4 species that are new to Fujian Province. Emphasis is placed on taxonomic discussion on the taxa. Families including two or more genera and genera including three or more species have keys facilitating retreiving.43 species in 15 genus of 8 families ectomycorrhizal fungi have been found in those two forests. They represent 38.1% of the total species that have been identified.We performed preliminary study on those mycofiora of agarics under those forests. Based on our study,we identified one tropical element family:Entolomataceae,two north temperate element families:Hygrophoraceae and Cortinariaceae;the other 11 families all belong to Cosmopolitan element. According to the mycofiora of these 40 genuses,Cosmopolitan element is the dominant component of Wuyishan Nature Reserve,and the next levels are North Temperate element and Tropical element.The research on flora element also indicated that this region is linked closely to East China and Central China northward,as well as Taiwan and Southeast China southward,with Japen and Southeast Asia interrelated.The influences of the ecological factors,i.g. moisture,temperature,season and forest type,on the occurrence of agarics are extensively discussed in this dissertation.Finally,several suggestions for long-term and sustainable research of agarics are given.更多还原