低温（<900℃）烧成的陶瓷配方及生产工艺技术研究

【作者】 张世英；

【导师】 孟天雄； 唐绍裘；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 材料学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对低温陶瓷研究的现状、主要生产技术及其应用作了较系统的综述，以废玻璃、熟矾土、粘土为主要原料，研制了一种烧结温度范围在850-870℃之间的低温陶瓷，用X射线衍射仪测定了材料的物相组成，其主晶相为刚玉；用扫描电子显微镜观察了材料的显微结构。研究发现：低温陶瓷和普通日用陶瓷的显微结构基本一致，都是由玻璃相、晶相和少量气相构成，晶相是构成坯体的骨架，玻璃相为骨架间的填充物，所不同的是普通日用瓷中的主晶相--莫来石是通过高温物化反应从玻璃熔体中析晶出来的，而低温陶瓷中的晶相--刚玉、方石英等均是原料中自身带来的，低温陶瓷的致密化是由于在液相表面张力作用下引起坯料组份产生粘滞流动的结果。研究了“准非反应”的烧结机理，并探讨了其影响因素。研究表明，影响“准非反应”烧结的因素主要有废玻璃的软化温度、颗粒尺寸及其加入量。废玻璃的软化温度越低，颗粒尺寸越小，加入量越多，则烧结温度越低，烧结速度越快，这与理论推导的烧结过程中相对密度变化速率公式：相一致。研究还表明，当“准非反应”配料中玻璃含量为40-60％，颗粒平均尺寸为10 μ m左右时，可在接近玻璃软化点温度下烧结，其烧成时间约1h。鉴于坯料中瘠性料含量高达60％以上，致使坯料的塑性差、成坯率低。为此，还研究了增塑剂的增塑机理，确定以多种增塑剂复合使用的方案。实验表明：当藻类物质JA、多糖HS、腐植酸钠加入量分别为0． 15％、0． 2％、0． 2％(干基用量)时，坯料的可塑指标由1． 85kg·cm增加到3． 42kg·cm，可满足塑性成型要求。对以玻璃粉为主要原料的陶瓷浆料稳定性进行了研究，当PH=7，添加0． 4％的聚丙烯酸作为稀释剂时，浆料的稳定性和脱模性均较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paPer systematicall}’ summarized the current status of the studyof low temperature ceramics, main production technologies and application.A low temperature ceramic u’ith the sifltering temPerature in the range of850’C~870"C was produced, \vhich selected the raw materials includingwaster glass, sintering aluminum oxide, clay etc. The main crystal phase ofthe materia1s was corundum, Which was measured by XRD; Themicrostructure was measured by SEM. The results showed that themicrostfuctures were consistent between the low temperature ceramics andthe common domestic potter}’ and porcelain, Which were composed withglass phase, crystal phase and few gas phases. As we all knoW the skeletonof the body was constituted u-ith crystals, and the glass phase was fil1ed inthe skeleton. The differences between the common domestic pottery andskeleton porcelain and the lou’ temPerature ceramics showed that the mainmulti-crystal in the fOrmer tt-as extracted from glass melt by physicalchemical reaction in high temperature. However, the crystal involvingcorundum and cristobalite etc all came from the material itself in the later.The density of low temperatUre ware resulted from adhesion flowsproduced from the body materials, which caused by the surface tension inliquid phase.The sintering mechanism of quasi-Nonreactive was researched. Theeffect factors were inquired too. The sintering factors affectedquasi-Nonreactive including the softening temperature of waster glass, thesize of the particles and the adding contents of waster glass. The.’softening temperature of waster glass was loweF, the particles size weresmaller and the waster glass content were higher, the sintering temperature’was lower and the sintering 1’elocity was quickef, Which were consistentwith the relative density change velocity formula: P=H(l --e)’ whichdt 2mwere deduced from theory in the course of sintering. The research showedthat when glass phase content amounted to 40--60%, the average size ofparticles was about 10Um in the raw materials during quasi-Nonreactive,the ceramics could be sintered aPporaching-softening temperature with 1h.The barren materials in the body material amounted to 60% and lowplastic and moulding. The plastic mechanism of the plasticizer wascompositively studied for deciding on the plan utilized by severalplasticizers. The study showed that When the adding contents of the aquaticmaterials JA, Polyscaccharide HS, sodium humate were 0.l5%, 0.2%,0.2%(dry raw material) respectively, the plastic index of the raw materialwas added from 0.l8kg.cm to3.42kg.cm, which are accorded with thedemands of moulding.The stabi1ity of ceramic slurry with glass powders as major rawmaterials was researched. The results showed that when PH=7and theconteflt of polyacrylic acid as diluent amounted to 0.4%, the stability andrelease modeling property were all excellent.更多还原