【作者】 安永新；

【导师】 陈泳章；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着网络和数据库技术的飞速发展，Web技术得到了广泛应用。不仅出现了多种基于Web的大型应用系统，如搜索引擎、远程教学、电子商务应用等；而且越来越多已有的信息系统正逐步向Internet上移植，采用Web技术实现。Web应用的迅猛发展不仅为软件开发提出新要求，也为软件测试提出了新挑战。目前，已经开发出一些测试工具支持静态Web应用测试；而动态Web应用测试方法在很大程度上都是基于传统测试方法扩展而成。现有的这些动态测试方法不能满足信息时代人们对速度和质量的要求。本文提出了一个基于风险的Web应用测试方法，主要的工作如下：第一，介绍了Web应用的基本概念和基础知识：Web应用的定义、发展阶段、体系结构、开发过程和构成单元。分析了Web应用特点对测试的影响。第二，介绍Web应用测试的测试类型、测试内容、测试层次划分及测试方法。提出了一个三层的Web应用测试层次划分，即页测试、页间测试和系统测试。第三，论述了Web应用测试与传统测试的不同之处及风险测试的必要性。在此基础上，基于Web应用的特点，提出一个Web应用分层测试模型：Web应用被划分为三个层次，即服务、页面和对象。该模型与Web应用的测试层次相对应，并为Web应用的风险估计打下基础。第四，基于Web应用分层测试模型，提出了Web应用的风险估计方法：分层估计法。对于风险损失估计，首先估计服务的风险损失，然后根据服务的风险损失估计服务中页面的风险损失；对于风险发生可能性估计，首先估计页面的风险发生可能性，然后根据页面的风险发生可能性来估计服务的风险发生可能性。这种分层估计法提高了Web应用风险估计的准确度。第五，提出基于风险的Web应用测试方法：包括基于风险的Web应用测试过程、内容和方法。研究了回归测试中被测试对象的风险处理方法；研究了利用风险估计结果对资源使用进行预测的方法；并提出了一些与风险相关的测试度量。最后，将所提出的基于风险的Web应用测试方法应用到一个Web应用实例中，并给出具体的实施步骤。基于风险的Web应用测试方法不仅能提高测试效率，也充分利用了测试资源，实现最大的测试效果，满足了现代社会对Web应用测试的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With networks and database technique developing rapidly, web technique has been applied widely. Not only have many large-scale web applications, such as search engine, networks education, e-commerce, been developed, but more and more existing information systems are migrated to Internet and implemented with web technique. The rapid growth of web application challenges both software design and software testing.Now, some testing tools for static web application have been developed and used. While testing techniques for dynamic web application were extended from traditional testing techniques to a large extent, they don’t meet the testing needs for speed and quality in information times. The paper proposed a risk-based web application testing approach, the main researches as follows: First, the basic concepts about web application have been introduced, including the specification, growth, architecture, development process, and building units. The characteristics of web application that effect testing have been analyzed.Second, the test types, test objects, test levels and test methods have been argued. A three-level of testing of web application were presented, namely page testing, inter-page testing and system testing.Third, the differences between web application testing and traditional software testing were discussed, as well as necessity of risk-based testing of web application. On the basis of it, a layered testing model for web application was presented, web application is divided into three layers: services, pages and objects. The model corresponds test levels of web application and supports risk estimation of web application.Forth, in terms of the layered testing model for web application, a method of layered estimation was proposed to estimate web application’s risk. For risk cost, we begin with assessment of services’, and then estimate pages’ in a service according to service’. For risk probability, we begin with assessment of pages’, then estimate services’ according to pages’. The method improves accuracy of web application’s risk assessment.Fifth, the risk-based web application testing approach was proposed. It involves testing process, objects and techniques. In addition, risk estimation in regression testing and resources prediction by risk assessment was studied, some testing metrics related to<WP=6>risk were presented.Finally, the risk-based web application testing approach was applied to a large project to show how to carry out it in practice.It can be concluded that the risk-based web application testing approach not only improves test efficiency but also makes full use of testing resources maximize testing benefits, meet demands for web application testing in modern society.更多还原