【作者】 欧永美；

【导师】 齐佩芳；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 我国正从传统农业社会到现代工业社会的现代化转型，其传统制度亦要进行变迁。其中，1952年以后的“高教单位制”是在计划体制之下形成的一种高教制度设置。在新时期的市场经济条件下，高教单位制已不适应高校和社会的发展要求，因而要对其进行变迁。继而要建立全范围的与市场经济相吻合的高教契约制，使高校的规模、质量、效益得到扩大和提高，实现高教现代化，从而致力于社会现代化。 本文以马克思主义理论为指导，探讨了从单位制到契约制的高教制度变迁的缘由、过程、结果、启示、缺陷及对策。在知识经济时代，大学将处于社会的中心，创新精神是现代人才素质的核心。而高等教育只有进行制度创新，才能适应、引导和改造未来社会。教育是计划经济的最后一个堡垒，高教制度变迁成为高等教育改革与发展的关键，已成为新世纪初中国高等教育改革的主旋律。本文选择规范研究与实证研究相结合的研究方法，选择市场经济体制建立与完善作为研究背景，以广西高校为分析单位进行个案研究，探讨从单位制到契约制的高教制度变迁的各种问题，总结出一条从单位制到契约制变迁的高教现代化道路，从而指导高教制度变迁的实践。 我们要揭开“高教单位制”的神秘面纱，就要从历史考察它产生的背景与历史、主要特征和历史作川。高教单位制是在全国计划经济设计之下政府对高校的一种制度安排。高教单位制的主要特征为集中性、统一性、独立性和福利性。在当时，高教单位制起了一定的历史作用：形成了社会主义统一、完整、有效的高教制度；统一了高教资源配置；使人才培养具有针对性；有效落实高教目标和“工业化”现代化赶超战略。但高教单位制毕竟带有一定的传统色彩，是计划经济时代政府对高校进行整合的结果，决定其具有时效性，在经济转轨、社会转型背景之下必须要对其进行变迁。取个案来考察，广西高教单位制的弊端有：1、财政、投资制度上的主体单一化；2、行政权力对高校的越界；3、高校办社会；4、低效率生产；5、单位的人身依附。其原因和根源是对高教现代化的“苏联模式”的理解、传统文化的沉积、革命时期高教制度沿革和计划体制的安排。无论从历史逻辑、理论分析还是现实考察，从单位制到契约制的高教制度变迁都有其必然性和紧迫性。在具备了良好的法律、经济、社会文化外部环境后，可进行广西高教契约制的建造。其主要内容有：1、在“体制外”实现多渠道高教财政投资体制和多元化办学体制；2、在高校外部，政府权限有了设定，实行现代高教宏观行政管理体制；3、高校自身的专业化特色设定；4、高校间明晰产权的契约合作；5、高校内部契约管理体制。广西高校的个案分析和理论探讨具有普及性和重大意义。 我们可以从制度变迁中得到一些有益的启示：其变迁是一种强制性渐进式变迁模式；具有外部配套性和内部系统性；遵循一定的变迁轨迹。制度变迁毕竟还处于探索阶段，造成了高教契约制的不完善、不深入等缺陷：1、在观念上，高教契约制精神还未达成共识；2、在落实上，高教契约制实施还潜藏着“名不副实”状况；3、在利益协调上，出现各主体利益不协调的“路径依赖”现象；4、在市场机制利用上，高教产业化造成了一些问题。因此，要建立政府、高校、社会多方位多元素配套体系—一“立体式管理一反馈机制”，发挥市场这只“看不见的手”和政府管理这只“看得见的手”的功能，完善高校自身约束机制，杜绝高教单位制生存空间，从而把高教契约制真正落到实处。 从单位制到契约制的高教制度变迁是以一定办学目标为基准的。现阶段我国高校办学目标按照三个面向标准，提高教育规模、质量和办学效益，培养整体和谐发展、个性充分表现的复合性创新型人才。pl从单位制到契约制的高教制度变迁对于当代中国高等教育的发展具有重大意义。无论是对政府、高校，还是对于社会和个人都有促进作用，可贡献于“科教兴国”战略实现，作用于社会现代化，致力于中华民族在新时期的伟大复兴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our nation is transforming from traditional agriculture society to modern industry society and it’s traditional institutions need change,too.Under planned economy system.unit system of higher education was set after 1952 .In condition of the system of market economy ,unit system of higher education hasn’t fit the need of universities and social development ,so it must be transferred to contract system of higher education.which suits to the system of marketable economy.Thus this will largen universities’ scale .increase it’s quality and benefit moderization of higher education and society.This article is guided by Marxism Theory and study the causes ,the process,th enlightenments,the flaws and the countermeasures of that. During the time of knowledge economy,university will be in the center of society and the spirit of innovation is the core of quality of talents.Only by innovating can institution of higher education fit,lead and reform future society.Education is the last stronghold of planned economy so higher education institution transform becomes the chief melody at the early of new century.This article probe into various problems about it ,using theory and case as study method,choosing the period of establishing and intergrating of market economy as study background.So that it can summarize one path of higher education modernization to guide the practice of higher education institution transform.In order to discover mysterious veil of unit system of higher education ,we muse ivvestigate it’s background,history,main features and historical functions.lt was set by the government in the condition of planned economy.It’s main features includes:centralization,unity,sealion and welfare .At that time ,it had certain historical functionsrforming the united,intergrated,efficient higher education system of socialism.uniting resourse of higher education.In light of festering talents,implementing effectly the aim of higher education and pursing and surpassing moderniztion strategy.It’s tradition features result that government rectified universities. However.with the shift of economy and society,it must be transformed,too.On case of GuangXi universities ,it has come out many problems:1,single subject of fiance and vest system ;2 power exceeded;3,university run society ;4 produce lower efficiently;5 people attached to the unit.The original cause is that our Party’s comprehension of "Soviet Moedel"about the higher education modernization.traditional culture stockpile,higher educationinstitution during the revolution period and effect of planned economy.By historical logic.theory research and current studyjt’s transform is inevitable and urgent .What’s more.GuangXi has satisfied the require - ments,such as law,economy,social culture surroundings for the contract system of higher edu -cation.lt includes five ideas:l the system of varied channel finance and invest universities in "outer-system" ;2 modern macro-managementin"outer-universty";3 specialized of higher education;4 contract cooperating between univerties whom clear property rights;5,contract management to univerty itself.By doing that,we can draw several benefical enlightenments:it is a model of power and grade;a complete set;a inter systematic set .It abide a certain path.Because institution transform still locates at the exploring stageand ,contract system of higher education is still unperfect and unthoroughgoing.lt causes some probles:1 The spirit of contract system of higher education hasn’t be accepted on sense;2 The action of contract system of higher education is unworthy of the name;3 It cause "path-dependence" because of uncord of the interests;4> Propertizm of higher education causes some problems by using market system. Thinking about that,we must establish one system- "stereoscopic manage -counter system" by goverment,university and society to tacle of market" hand-out-sight" and goverment’s management" hand-in-sight" and the system of university itself.It eliminate to the room of unit system of university.deely implement the concract s更多还原