【作者】 肖晓玛；

【导师】 沈阳；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 自我意识是对自己的认识，是对于自己本身和自己与他人以及自己与社会关系的意识。自法国哲学家笛卡尔提出“自我意识”这一概念以来，自我意识问题开始引起很多心理学家的探讨，尽管学者们从不同的角度对自我意识问题进行探究，但对人的自我意识的发展水平如何影响人的行为和活动重视不够。青少年的心理健康是他们走向现代化、走向世界、走向未来、建功立业的重要条件，许多调查结果表明：我国中学生的心理健康状况不容乐观，令人担忧，且心理问题有逐年上升的趋势。心理健康问题是个体因素与情境交互作用的结果，但作为重要的个体内在变量的自我意识是否与心理健康存在着相关、如何对心理健康的发展产生影响，这一方面的研究不多。因此，本论文试图以自我意识处于第二飞跃期的初中生为研究对象，探讨自我意识对初中生心理健康影响的程度及自我意识诸因素对初中生心理健康的不同作用，以便为培养初中生积极的自我意识、促进其心理健康发展提供一些有用的资料。 本论文采取量化与质化相结合的方法，选取桂林市两所普通学校的293名初中生为被试。量化研究采取了问卷调查法，以PHSS和SCL—90为调查工具，分类分析讨论了现实条件下初中生自我意识、心理健康发展情况。结果发现： 1．初中生自我意识发展存在年级差异，初中生的自我意识随着年级的增高而不断发展。具体说来，初一到初二发展较快，初二到初三发展速度较为缓慢，初二是自我意识发展的一个重要时期。城市初中生各分量表得分及总分均高于农村学生，存在显著性差异。 2．初中生心理健康存在性别差异，男生比女生有比较明显优势。初中生心理健康存在年级差异，从初一到初二呈上升的趋势，初二到初三有所回落，但仍高于初一。初中二年级是初中生心理问题最多的阶段。 3．自我意识总分及各因子与心理健康的各因子及总分间存在显著的负相关，即学生自我意识发展水平越高，在心理健康量表上的得分越低，心理健康水平越好。回归分析进一步表明，无论是总体心理健康，还是心理健康的各个因素，都可以至少由自我意识的另一个指标来预测。 质化研究以深入访谈为主，在量化的基础上，从两项量表得分中筛选出得分较高的学生和得分较低的学生，从两个学校分别选出六人进行单独的面谈，同时部分家长、老师和密友也作为个别访谈对象。从访谈中发现：家庭对初中生自我意识的发展有着非常重要的影响，学校对初中生自我意识的发展仅次于家庭，同伴也是影响初中生自我意识发展的一个因素。 论文最后部分，向广大教育者及家长们提出建议，应以新的高度认识自我意识在心理健康教育中的作用，注意培养学生积极的自我意识，从而促进其心理健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Self-consciousness is the one that connected the self with the others and with the social relationship. Many psychologists have discussed self -consciousness since it was posed by French philosopher Descartes. Although the scholars have studied it from different perspectives,they still pay less attention on how its developing level affects people’s behaviors and actions. The teenagers’ psychological health is the key factor in their future ways to success,to the world,and to the social modernization. Many investigations show that the psychological health of the Chinese middle school students is not optimistic,and the trend is still rising. Psychological health results from the interaction of individual and situation. But there are still less research on whether self-consciousness,an important individual variable,is closely related with psychological health,or on how it affects psychological health. Thus this paper attempts to investigate the affecting degree and the different reactions of self-consciousness to the junior students’ psychological health. The subjects involved in this investigation are junior students at the second period of self-consciousness. The investigation aims to provide some helpful materials for cultivating junior students’ active self-consciousness and promoting their psychological health.This paper adopts the method of quantization and quantization,239 junior students from two middle schools of Guilin are selected in the investigation. Quantization research adopts the method of questionnaire by using PHSS and SCL-90 tools. It analyses the development of junior students’ self-consciousness and psychological health under real situation. The results are shown in the following:1.The development of junior students’ self-consciousness varies according to the grade,and it develops with the rising of grade. Specifically speaking,it develops more fast from Grade 1 to Grade 2,and more slowly from Grade 2 to Grade 3. So Grade 2 is a very important period. And the scores of students in urban areas are clearly higher than those in rural areas,existing a big gap between them.2.The development of junior students’ psychological health varies according to sex-boys are at special advantage. It also varies according to the grade-the trendis rising from Grade 1 to Grade 2,and it is a little slow down from Grade 2 to Grade 3,but still higher than Grade 1. Grade 2 is the most serious period.3.The total scores and its factors of self-consciousness are negative related with psychological health and its factors-the higher the self-consciousness is,the slower SCL-90 scores is,the better the psychological health is. The investigation further shows that both psychological health and its factors can be predicated by at least another factor of self-consciousness.On the basis of quantization,the quantization is carried out by way of interview. Those who get higher remarks and those who get lower remarks are selected to accept the interview. Twelve subjects are interviewed,their parents,friends or teachers are also included. The results show that family is the most important factor to affect the development of junior students’ self-consciousness,then the school,and the companion is also such a factor.Lastly,this paper presents some suggestions to educators and parents-the function of self-consciousness should be understood from new perspective,and active self-consciousness should be cultivated in order to develop the junior students’ psychological health.更多还原