【作者】 郭敏；

【导师】 薛跃规；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文把洛塔现存植被分为自然植被与栽培植被两大类进行研究，通过遥感技术对现存植被按针叶林、阔叶林、密灌、灌丛、草灌、荒草裸岩、农作物植被等类型进行分布面积的统计，在此基础上，以林产品价值、涵养水源价值、保护土壤价值和净化空气价值作为估算的主要参考依据，对已成林的针叶林与阔叶林进行森林生态系统的价值估算，得出面积为1388.8hm~2的针叶阔叶林的森林生态价值为1836.37万元，参照这一生态价值量，把洛塔植被按常绿落叶林、针叶林、针阔混交林、阔叶林、疏林—灌丛、矮灌丛、荒草灌丛、经济作物和粮食作物，以每hm~2的价值量提出了洛塔植被的综合价值体系。 以观赏及绿化树种、用材树种和药用植物等归类对洛塔植物资源作出了评价，观赏植物主要有：玉趼、百合、绣球花等；用材树种有大叶榉、香果树、光灰楸等；药用植物有南方红豆杉、杜仲等，并提出了对植物资源以保护为主的合理开发利用模式。分析各类型植物群落的保护年龄，地质与土壤背景以及群落基本结构和特征，喀斯特常绿落叶林乔木层平均高度为6.88m，上层乔木平均高13.07m，最高可达25m，群落郁蔽度达90％以上。只有少数林窗存在。自然恢复林在植被恢复程度上远不如喀斯特常绿落叶林，只在密闭的灌木丛中分布着少许高大的乔木。高山灌丛高度一般在1.00～2.00m，没有明显的优势种。矮灌丛平均高为0.97m，以盐肤木、山蚂蝗、算盘子等灌木为主。荒草灌丛以草本植物占优势地位，遭人为活动破坏最严重。根据分析得出影响洛塔植被恢复的主要因素为：人为活动、局部小地形和土壤及其地质地理背景，其中人为活动关系最大，在不考虑人为干扰的条件下，自然封山过程中洛塔植物群落自然恢复演替过程为花竹、响叶杨灌丛，盐肤木、火棘灌丛，枫香、马桑林，马尾松、鹅耳枥林，喀斯特常绿落叶林五个阶段。 对阿堀风水林与瑞士村岙口洞恢复林进行分析得出其建群种为青冈栎、四照花、石栎、杜英、枫香、青榨槭等，从恢复林群落株高级别分别得出该类恢复林仍处于亚顶级状态。经分析，提出了在封山育林的基础上采取乔木层、灌木层、草本层复合群落重建措施作为洛塔生态环境治理的主要方法，并在八仙洞和阿堀各选一块试验区进行试验，一年后经统计，试验区植株成活率在八仙洞为87.8％，阿堀为90.7％，而砍头树的引入也取得了成功，在满湖苗圃内不到一年时间最高达2.10m，只是在防冻与移栽技术上仍待改善，同时提出白果、早蜜等果树的适宜套种是环境治理中不可缺少的一个重要措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,two major types,the natural vegetation and crop vegetation in Luota are studied.We can gain the different distributive area by remote sensing technology,in accordance with conifer forest,broadleaf forest,thick shrub forest,shrub forest,herbs shrub forest,herbs naked rock and crop vegetation.The valuation of the output of standing trees,water conserbancy,soil conserbation to control erosion and purify the air is the main basis which is used to value the functions of the forest ecosystem of the conifer forest and broadleaf forest of LuotaThe result reveal that the total ecological function value of the forest which area is 1388.8 hm2 is estimated up to 18.36 million yuan per annum.The synthetic valuation system of Luota vegetation is put forward by the valuation of per hm2 in evergreen-deciduous forest,conifer forest,conifer and broadleaf forest,broadleaf forest,scatteredtree-shrub forest,coppice-shrub forest,herbs shrub forest,econamic crop and cereal crops.The plant resources is valued according to the ornamental and green plant .lumber trees and medical plant .Ornamental plant includes Hosta plantaginea.Lilium brownii Van Viridulum,Spiraea cantomiensis and so on. Lumber tuees includes Zzzelkova schneideriana,Emmenopterys henryi,Catalpa fargesii and so on. Medical plant includes Taxus mairei,Eucommia ulmoides and so on. The reasonable model of exploiting and utilizing to the plant resources is put forward,which should be mainly protected.All kinds of communities are analyzed.The aubor’s average height of Karst evergreen-deciduous forest is 6.88m.Theuper arbor’s average height is 13.07m.The highest one reaches 25m.The community cover ratio is over 90%,only few gaps existNatural convalescence forest is inferior to Karst evergreen-deciduous forest in the restoration degree.there are a few tall arbor in the community.The height of Alpine shrubs forest is 1.00 to 2.00m.There is no dominant species.The average height of Karst shrubs forest is 0.97m.The Rhus chinensis,Desmodium racemosum and Golochidion pubrum are the dominant species. The herbs occupy the dominant role in shrub-herbs forest,and the damage of this community by human action is the most grave.By analyzing,we can get the main elements which effect the plant restoration of Luota are the action of human,part topography and soil-geology background,of which,the action of human is the most important one. In the natural condition,the following five stages are the plant restoration and succession process of Luota:Populus adenopoda shrub forest,Rhus chinensis,Pyracantha fortweana shrub forest,Liquidambar formosana,Corizria sinica forest,Pinus massoniana,Carpinus rurczaninowii forest,Karst evergreen-deciduous forest.The geomancy forests of Aku and Ruishicun Aokoudong are the best restoration forest in Luota now,but they are still subclimax state.Their constructive species are Cyclobalanopsis glauca,Dendrobenthamia capitata,Lithocarpus glaber,Elaeocarpus dicipiens,Liquidambar formosana and Acer davidii. Compounding arbor,shrub and herbs to reconstruct vegetation is a better way to harness Luota ecology question. Two experimental areas are choosed inBaixiandong and Aku. After a year.the survival rate of the plant is respectively 87.8% and 90.7%. Introducing Zenia insignis is successful. It can grow up to 2.10m less than a year in Manhu nursery,but the technology of preventing frostbite and transplanting needs to improve. At the same time,the fruit trees interplanting is indispensable in the reconstruct vegetation.更多还原