【作者】 殷中琼；

【导师】 汪开毓；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 基础兽医学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验通过混群感染的方式，使300日龄40只健康新罗曼蛋鸡感染鸡卡氏住白细胞原虫病，对被感染试验鸡的病理学、血液变化和卡氏住白细胞原虫虫体的形态结构进行了研究。感染初期，心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠、肌肉等器官有不同程度的充血，随着感染时间的延长，充血越来越严重，并出现出血、坏死和血管内皮细胞增生等病变，尤其以肾被膜下和卵巢的出血以及肝和脾的凝固性坏死为严重。在坏死病灶内出现上皮样细胞、浆细胞、淋巴细胞、假嗜伊红性白细胞增生，形成类似仔猪副伤寒结节的增生性结节。另外，在肝、肾、肺等器官组织内可见一种特征性的病变—巨型裂殖体结节。电镜观察，可见心、肝、脾、肾和肠等组织的细胞线粒体肿胀，嵴断裂、消失，基质变空，使线粒体呈空囊状，内质网扩张，肿胀，粗面内质网有脱颗粒现象，核染色质内出现不规则的空泡，染色质边聚，或分布在空泡之间。血液的变化表现为：红细胞数显著降低(P＜0.01)，血红蛋白含量降低(P＜0.05)；葡萄糖含量升高，与对照组相比无显著差异；乳酸脱氢酶活性升高，但到后期突然降低(P＜0.01)，淀粉酶活性升高，但到后期降低(P＜0.05)；谷丙转氨酶活性初期升高，后期显著降低(P＜0.01)；总蛋白和白蛋白含量降低(P＜0.05)；血清钙含量稍微升高，与对照组相比无显著差异。同时采取试验病鸡的外周血液，观察鸡卡氏住白细胞原虫虫体不同发育阶段的形态特点：光镜下，裂殖子呈圆点状，胞核呈圆形，着染紫红色，胞浆少量呈淡兰色，位于血浆和血细胞内，配子体呈圆形或椭圆形，雌配子体(大配子体)虫体深兰色，核较小，呈深粉红色，平均直径16.65×15.79μm，雄配子体(小配子体)为淡兰色，核较大，染色较雌配子体浅，平均直径为11.27×11.10μm。电镜下，裂殖子呈圆形或卵圆形，外包有两层膜，外膜较薄，内膜较厚，内包一个圆形或卵圆形的核，位于红细胞细胞质内早期发育的配子体呈球形，表面隐约可见两层膜，细胞核大而淡染，位于中央，核膜呈双层，中间有明显的空隙。更多还原

【Abstract】 300-day-old layers were experimentally infected with Leucocytozoonsiscaulleryi by co-habit. The pathomorphology , biochiemical indexes and morph-structures of the Leucocytozoon Caulleryi were studied. In infected chickens,the first changes is hyperemia in heat、liver、spleen、lung、kindey、 entestine、 muscle etc. Then hyperemia、hemorrhage and necrosis become sevevity. Especially the hemorrhage of kidney and ovarium and the coagulation necrosis in liver and spleen were obvious. In addition, there were much of epithelioid cells, plasma cell, lymphocyte, eosinophil posed cells tuber in organs, especially in liver and spleen. At the same time , there are Megaloschi-zont of Leucocytozoon caulleryi in organs. Observation through electron microscope, the mitochondria in the cells swelled, the crest became short or disappeared, and ground substance emptied, also nucleous and karyotheea disappeare, chromatin get together and appeared indention. About biochiemical indexes, the results were as follow: RBC and Hb were decreased post inoculation of L. Caulleryi, and decreased significantly in the later stage (P<0. 01); Glu was increased; serum LDH and AMS level were increased post inoculation of L. Caulleriyi, and decreased significantly in the later stage (P<0. 01) ; serum ALT level were increased in the easly stage and decreased significantly in the later stage (P<0. 01); T PROT and ALB concentration were decreased (P<0. 05), Ca level were increased. About morph-structures of Leucocytozoon Caulleryi in chick, results evealed that:The merozoites under light microscope, Leucocytozoon caulleryi appeared to be round, possessed a red round nucleus. The gametocytes appeared to be round to oral. The macrogametocytes possessed a dark red small nucleus, the43diameter is 16. 65 ×15. 79um;The microgametocytes possessed alarge nucleus, the diameter is 11.27×11. 1Oum. The macrogametocytes were also easily distingnished from microgametocytes by their dark stainning appearance. Underelectron microscope, the merozoites appeared to be round to oval and were surrounded by two clearly marked membranees, i. e. a thin outer and a thick inner membrane .The merozoites possesed a large round to oval nucleus, a small nucleolus.The micro-and macro-gametocytes were surrounded by 3-layered cleary marked membrane as in leucocytozoon sabrcizesi.But in the mature gametocytesof L. caulleryi only 2-layered membranees were seen. The forepart gametocyte of leucocytozoon in red blood cell appeared to be round to oval in shap and were surrounded by 2-layered membranees and possed a large round to oval and dark stainingnucleus.更多还原