西方小报新闻及其社会意涵浅析

【作者】 张德勇；

【导师】 蒋晓丽；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 新闻学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对时下流行的西方小报新闻做了初步探讨，文章的主体分为三个部分： 第一部分对小报新闻的概念做了界定并梳理了小报新闻的历史发展线索及流行现状。作者认为小报新闻是新闻媒体对犯罪、性、暴力、名人新闻、日常琐事等题材进行的情绪化、渲染性报道，它具有以下特征： 一、小报新闻的题材以暴力、犯罪性、奇怪的社会或自然现象，以及名人绯闻等为主。 二、在报道手法上尽可能采用耸人听闻、刺激情感与感觉的方法，有时为了追求轰动效应不惜采用夸大其辞甚至捏造事实等手段。 三、小报新闻一般不涉及国家政治、经济等宏大主题。即使有相关题材也会从趣味性、贴近性、娱乐性角度入手。 小报新闻是伴随着报纸的大众化而产生的一种文化现象它在西方新闻史上有过这样几个高潮时期：廉价报纸兴起时期、黄色新闻时期、上世纪20年代的爵士新闻时期以及目前小报新闻向多种媒体渗透时期。 第二部分，从三个角度分析了小报新闻绵延不绝的原因，它们是受众的角度、社会的角度、小报新闻的文本角度。从受众的角度，作者参考使用与满足理论的研究成果看到，对大多数受众而言，对私人空间的关注往往多于对公共领域的关注，在这一点上小报新闻迎合了多数的需求；从社会角度看有两个方面，一是社会中不平等现象的存在助长了受众对小报新闻的需求，二是自由竞争的媒介逻辑促使媒介内容的小报化发展；从文本方面看，小报新闻开放的文本特征为受众生产自己的意义提供了机会。 第三部分，对小报新闻进行了重新评价。首先作者认为小报新闻是新闻中的固有门类，与所谓的严肃新闻共同构成了新闻的两翼，二者不可偏废；第二作为大众文化的小报新闻，是受众进行象征性反抗的符号资源，对松动主流意识形态有一定的意义。但这种反抗不可能进入政治经济领域，也难以颠覆主流意识形态，只是一种策略性的反抗。更多还原

【Abstract】 Currently,the thesis on tabloid journalism which is popular in western countries consists of three main part:In the first part,the term "tabloid journalism" is defined,and the history of this kind of journalism is sketched. The author argues that tabloid journalism is the kind of reporting on news media about crime,sex,violence,celebrity,daily gossips,life style,etc. usually by an sensational way in order to satisfy the demands of audience for information and entertainment.From its birth,tabloid journalism has experienced several periods of high tides:the era of penny newspapers in 1930s and 1940s;the era of yellow journalism in late 19th century;the era of jazz journalism in 1920s’ and contemporary time.In the second part,the cause that abattes tabloid journalism is examined from three perspectives. As for the audience,referring to the research results of "uses and gratifications" approach ,the author argues that the majority has more interests in private affaires than in public sphere. Given the social context ,the author says that an unequality existing in the society is the ferment of needs for tabloid journalism,on the other hand ,the market logic by which the media system operates gives impetus to the tabloidazition of news media.In the third part ,tabloid journalism is reconsidered. First,as a kind of journalism,tabloid journalism can be regarded as inferior to the so called serious journalism with no reason. They are two wheels of journalism that push the history forwards. Second,as a branch of popular culture ,tabloid journalism is the symbolic resources for its audience to produce their rebellious meaning,which may serve as a kind of power in shaking the dominant ideology,but this kind of rebellion cannot get into the political economic sphere.更多还原