【作者】 王英梅；

【导师】 李志强；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 皮革化学与工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 动物皮组织结构及其在制革准备阶段中的变化在皮革科学研究中占有重要的地位，对于改进制革工艺的设计与控制，提高皮革产品质量具有重要的工程应用价值。 本研究采用透射电子显微镜和扫描探针显微镜方法，结合计算机图形图像处理技术，对猪皮组织在原纤维基础上的精细结构及其在酶作用下的变化和破坏方式进行了深入研究和表征。 研究并确定了扫描探针显微镜对天然猪皮及其水解产物观察研究韵方法，由此观察到猪皮原纤维表面67nm的周期性峰谷结构以及酶水解后的单根原纤维结构，并对上述结构进行了量化表征。 研究并确立了原纤维的三维结构以及相邻原纤维之间的侧向和轴向有序聚集模式。要点为：原纤维横截面主要为圆形和椭圆形，截面直径因不同厚度层次而异，约为50—150nm；原纤维的端头为略膨大的球形，横纹周期消失；原纤维长度小于10微米，无分支结构；原纤维之间紧密有序排列呈晶状结构，但有不同程度缺陷；原纤维在轴向上存在相互搭接。 研究了猪皮表皮和基底膜的精细结构及其在酶作用下的变化。确定基底膜三层结构的厚度为50—100nm；酶脱毛过程中基膜亮带消失，若时间延长，粒面膜亦逐渐消失，暴露出乳头层原纤维结构。 研究确定了猪皮组织中原纤维、微原纤维精细结构在酶作用下的变化特征及其与酶脱毛工艺制成革的力学性能的关系。即在酶作用下原纤维之间联系削弱，产生游离原纤维；作用从微纤维表面逐渐侵入，最终导致微纤维晶状结构的崩溃；原纤维在截面形状上变化不大，但长度缩短。该结果较好地解释了酶法脱毛制成革表现出的柔软性和抗张强度下降。 本研究深化了对猪皮组织在原纤维水平上精细结构及其在酶作用下变化的认识，将对猪皮组织作为皮革或生物材料的应用及其改性技术提供重要的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present study about three-dimensional structure of pigskin collagen fibril and damage of enzyme on it was performed using SPM and TEM. Image- manipulation software was also used in this study to get quantitative data.SPM method was decided in analyzing natural pigskin and its hydrolysate. Microscopy had revealed that pigskin collagen fibril had periodic transverse grooves (i. e., D-periodicity) which was about 67nm. And single fibril was also observed. The images were quantitatively analyzed.The information about three-dimensional structure of fibrils within pigskin tissue was revealed. Axial and lateral assembly model of fibrils was studied. Our findings included the following outlines: The cross-section of fibril was round or elliptic in shape. They were about 50-150nm, differed in diameter as they belonged to different layer. Both ends of fibril were rotundity as found slightly bulged. The axial periodicity was not clear on the end. The length of fibril was less than 10| 1m. The fibrils arranged compact, showing crystal and crystalloid structure, having disfigurement somewhere. In axial direction fibrils were found staggered end by end.Epidermis and basement membrane (BM for short) fine structure and their changes under enzyme function were also studied. Thickness of BM three-layer structure was 50-100nm. In enzymatic depilation process,bright-line structure of BM disappeared. If the process was prolonged, the grain-top membrane structure of BM disappeared at last, the fibrils of papillary layer were then exposed.Fine structure changes of fibril and microfiber after enzyme treatment were decided. The relationship between these changes and mechanical character of leather was studied. The contact of fibrils was weakened under enzyme treatment, then individual fibril was released. The damage first took place on surface of microfiber, then gradually rushed in, and finally brought on the breakdown of the fibril crystal structure. The figure of fibril cross-section was not changed clearly, but the length of fibril was shorter. These changes can explain the softness and the tensile strength dropdown of leather made from enzymatic depilations.The present study made further understand of pigskin fine structure on fibril lever and its changes under enzyme treatment. It can provide academic proof in using pigskin to leather or biomaterial industry.更多还原