【作者】 邵桂林；

【导师】 桂荣；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文探讨了用微生物发酵的方法对蓖麻碱和变应原的去除效果。本研究所采用的微生物为DT菌和JM菌，其发酵处理蓖麻饼的时间均分别为5d、10d、15d，发酵后测定并比较了它们对蓖麻碱、变应原的去除率及蓖麻饼中营养成分含量的变化。在分析去毒效果的基础上，进行了DT菌(10d)和JM菌(5d)两组去毒蓖麻饼和未去毒蓖麻饼(CK组)添加于小白鼠日粮中替代部分豆饼的饲养试验。DT菌组、JM菌组和CK组蓖麻饼的替代水平均分别为5％、10％和15％。饲养试验结束后，检测了小白鼠肝脏、肾脏和心脏中蓖麻碱和变应原的残留量。 结果显示，经过盯菌处理5d和JM菌处理15d的蓖麻饼中，其蓖麻碱含量与去毒前比较，差异显著(p＜0.05)；DT菌处理10d、15d，JM菌处理5d、10d的蓖麻饼，其蓖麻碱含量与去毒前比较，差异极显著(p＜0.01)。对于变应原的含量，经过DT菌处理5d和10d的蓖麻饼与去毒前比较分别达到了显著(p＜0.05)和极显著(p＜0.01)的水平，其它各处理组均未检测出变应原。DT菌和JM菌在对蓖麻饼去毒的同时，使其营养成分产生了一定的损失，其中以JM菌处理5d的影响程度最小，以DT菌处理15d的影响程度最大。饲养试验结果表明，日粮中添加去毒蓖麻饼和未去毒蓖麻饼的小白鼠均不发生死亡，但JM菌处理组小白鼠对饲料的转化效率高于DT菌处理组和CK组。残毒检测结果显示，在CK组中，当蓖麻饼在小白鼠日粮中添加比例达到10％以上时，小白鼠肝脏中有蓖麻碱残留，但未检测出变应原残留；其它各组均未检测出蓖麻碱和变应原残留。 综合考虑两菌种对毒素的去除率、处理时间的长短、对营养成分的影响、小白鼠饲养试验结果以及毒素残留等因素，得出的结论是JM菌处理5d是本文所研究的蓖麻饼去毒方法中效果最好的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Detoxification of CBM using method of microorganic fermentation was discussed in this paper. In these studies, 2 microbes (DT fungus and JM fungus) were adopted. The time of fermenting CBM by DT and JM funguses involved respectively 3 stages: 5 days, 10 days and 15 days. After the trial of fermentation, the content of ricinine and allergen was detected. Following the trial of fermentation, the trial of feeding white mice with undetoxified and treated CBM was applied. The CBM selected to add into white mice’s ration include the samples treated by DT fungus for 10 days^ JM fungus for 5 days and the untreated sample. The adding proportions of each kind of sample were 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. At the end of feeding trial, all white mice were anatomised to detect the remnant ricinine and allergen in the liver, kidney and heart.The results of above trials indicated ricinine content in CBM treated by DT fungus for 10 days and 15 days, and by JM fungus for 5 days and 10 days was eliminated high significantly (p<0.01). Compared with undetoxified CBM, ricinine content in CBM treated by DT fungus for 5 days and JM fungus for 15 day was significantly low(p<0. 05). Tn addition, the difference of allergen content between undetoxified CBM and CBM treated by DT fungus for 5 days and 10 days was significant(p<0. 05) and high significantly (p<0. 01) respectively. Yet in the other groups of treated CBM, there was no allergen can be detected. Feeding trial showed no death of white mice induced by both undetoxified and treated CBM. But ricinine was found in the livers of white mice fed with undetoxified CBM when its propotion was above 10% in diet. There was no remnant of both ricinine and allergen found in the groups of white mice fed CBM treated by JM fungus and DTfungus. Considering such factors as the detoxification efficiency, treating time, influence on general nutrient of CBM and remnant toxin in white mice viscera etc, the conclusion of the studies is: of those deloxifing method adopted Lo CBM, using JM fungus to treat CBM for 5 days is the best one.更多还原