【作者】 杜伟莉；

【导师】 张改生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系ms（kot）-90-110，ms（var）-90-110，ms（ven）-90-110为基本材料，采用单体分析和缺四体分析两种方法对粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系进行了育性基因定位。同时选用一批生产上正在推广的小麦品种（系）与上述三种不育系进行了广泛的测交，以研究其育性恢复性能。结果表明： （1）粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系不育性彻底，易恢复性强，恢复源广泛，不育系及F₁无单倍体产生，高恢复度亲本F₁育性变异幅度小，变异系数低，恢复度与变异系数呈极显著负相关关系，其保持系和恢复系均为目前一些栽培小麦品种。 （2）不同恢复系对粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系的恢复度表现不同，且各不育胞质类型间差异显著，表明粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系的易恢复性与恢复系核基因组成和不育系核基因组成有关。研究后认为恢复系97-9-14、T6=3和河北矮5号属主效恢复基因+微效可育基因类型，T6-3和河北矮5号的微效可育基因为两对，97-9-14的为一对；恢复系972376为主效恢复基因+育性抑制基因；偏型不育系的不育胞质内存在的不育位点多寡可能与粘、易型不同。 （3）中国春和Chris小麦的旧染色体上存在粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系的主效恢复基因，1B染色体外不再有主效恢复基因存在，但不能排除1B染色体外存在微效恢复基因和育性修饰基因的可能性。由三类不育系恢保关系的相似性推断三个主效恢复基因可能存在等位性。 （4）粘、易、偏型非1BL／1RS不育系杂种F₁代1B（rfv₁）雌、雄配子的传递率均低于50％，且卡方测验均达极显著水平，分析后认为这种现象是由不育系的异源细胞质效应、恢复系基因组成方式、不育系核型三者相互间及共同的互作作用引起的，恢复系组成与特定不育胞质类型的互作效应对雌、雄配子传递率降低影响最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, using three non-lBL/IRS Wheat male sterile lines ms(Ae.kotschyi)-90-110, ms(Ae.variabilis)-90-110, and ms(Ae.ventricosa)-90-l\0 as the materials, proceed the study on gene Location by monosomic and nullisomic-tetrasomic analysis methods, at the same time, study on test crossing and fertility analysis were made with some wheat varieties or lines as male parent. The results indicate:(1) The sterility of the male sterile lines of non-lBL/IRS wheat with Ae.kotschyi Ae.variabilis and Ae.ventricosa cytoplasms are very stable, the restoration resource are widely and there are tiny rate haploid plants induced by the sterile lines and their F1. The three male lines were more easily fertilized by restorer lines, the fertile range of high restorer lines is narrow, its fertility CV is low, and the CV is very significantly correlate with restoring degree.(2) The performance of restoring degree differed in different restorer-sterile line combination and the difference in three cytoplasms was significant. Fertility restoration was related to the distribution difference of the series components of the fertility gene in individual nucleus of 3 alloplasmic sterile lines and their restorer lines in different wheat varieties or lines. The restorer lines 97-9-14, T63 and Hebei’ai No.5 belonged to the type of major restorer gene add minor gene enhancing the fertility, 97-9-14 had a pair of minor genes, the rest had tow pairs. 972376 was the type of major restorer gene add minor inhibiting gene. Nucleus gene components of ms(ven)-90-110 is major sterile gene add the inhibiting gene.(3) The major restoring fertility genes against Ac.kotschyi Ae.variabilis, Ae.ventricosa lied on the chromosome 1B of two common wheat cultivars, Chinese spring and chris, other chromosomes had no major fertility-restoring genes, but might had some minor genes enhancing the fertility or modifier genes. Based on the fact that kot-type var-type and ve-type cytoplasmic male sterile lines had a similar fertility-restoringperformance, it could be inferred the possibility of allelism among three major fertility-restoring genes.(4) Investigation on the transmission of gamete of three types cytoplasmic male sterile FI hybrid. [1B(Rfv1) 1B(rfv1)] showed that the male and female 1B(rfv1) gamete transmission rate were less than 50%, and it was very significantly lower than 50% both male and female gamete in x 2 test [even in some cross combinations 1B(rfv1) transmission rate were zero]. This phenomenon was led to by the alien-cytoplasm effect, the form of genes component on restorer lines, the nucleus type of sterile lines conspiring action or affecting one another, the combining effect both nucleus gene components of restorer line and special sterile cytoplasm type lowered the transmission of female and male gamete in greatest degree.更多还原