【作者】 邵景侠；

【导师】 张改生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用4个同质异核二角型不育系ms（bicor）-83（37）65、ms（bicor）-偃师9号、ms（bicor）-80（6）及ms（bicor）-90-110为材料，采用单体和缺四体两种方法对二角型不育系进行了育性基因定位。结果表明：二角型不育系主效恢复基因只有一对，位于ChrislB染色体上，在旧染色体以外，不存在二角型不育系的主效恢复基因。但并不排除在旧染色体外，有增强育性的微效基因和降低育性的抑制基因。 以5个同质异核二角型小麦雄性不育系ms（bicor）-8222、ms（bicor）-83（37）65、ms（bicor）-偃师9号、ms（bicor）-80（6）及ms（bicor）-90-110为基本材料，与一批优良小麦品种（系）及部分亲本材料为父本进行测交，，结果表明：（1）5个同质异核不育系，除二角型非1B／1R不育系ms（bicor）-90-110与二角型1B／1R不育系ms（bicor）-83（37）65、ms（bicor）-偃师9号之间平均恢复度差异显著外，4个1B／1R不育系之间平均结实率差异不显著；（2）对同一不育系而言，与不同恢复系测交，其恢复度呈现连续变异；（3）同型非1B／1R不育系较1B／1R不育系恢复度普遍高； （4）对同一恢复系而言，各不育系测交F₁的恢复度差异显著。 在对二角型不育系进行育性基因定位及恢复性研究时，对杂种F₁代产生单倍体频率与杂种F₁恢复度关系进行了研究，结果表明：二角型1B／1R不育系杂种F₁产生单倍体的频率与不育系本身1BL／1RS有很大关系，并且与父本的染色体构成有关，父本的非整倍体系列有提高单倍体频率的趋势，杂种F₁产生单倍体的频率与杂种F₁代的育性没有直接关系。 对二角型1BL／1RS不育系杂种F₁配子传递率调查分析表明，1BL／1RS通过雌雄配子的传递率都低于50％，且都低于1B配子的传递率，1BL／1RS通过雄配子的传递率更低。这是由于二角型细胞质与1BL／1RS易位染色体互作的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four male sterile lines of different nuclei genotypes with the same cytoplasm of Aeglops bicornis ,ms(bicorj-83 (37) 65. ms(bicor)-yanshi 9^ ms(bicor)-80 (6) and ms(bicor)-90-110, were selected as the materials in the study on gene location of B -type cytoplasmic male sterile lines by using monisomic analysis and nullisomic -tetrasomic analysis methods. It revealed that there was a major restoring fertility gene against AeMcornis cytoplasm on the chromosome IB of Chris. Other chromosomes except IB of Chris have no major fertility-restoring gene. But it can’t eliminate the possibility of genes which can exhance the fertility and the inhibiting genes which reduce the fertility except IB of Chris.Five male sterile lines of wheat with AeMcornis cytoplasm , namely ms(bicor)-8222> ms(bicor>83 (37) 65 > ms(bicor)-yanshi 9^ ms(bicor>80 (6) and ms(bicor)-90-110, with some wheat varieties or lines and partial parent materials was investigated. The result were as follows: Y) In the five male sterile lines, with different nucleus, of wheat with AeMcornis cytoplasm there was obvious difference of restoring degree between the non-lB/lR wheat male sterile lines ms(bicory)-90-110 and the 1BL/1RS wheat male sterile lines ms(bicorj-83 (37)65 > ms(bicorj-Yanshi 9, while there was no obvious difference between the four 1B/1R male sterile lines each other; 2) As the same male sterile line tested crossing with different restoration lines, the restoration degree showed successive variation? 3) The restoration degree of non 1B/1R male sterile lines were higher than that of 1B/1R male sterile lines; 4) As the same restoration lines, there was obvious difference between each hybrids(Fi) derived from tested crossing.During the studies on gene location and fertility restoration performance, therelation of frequency of haploid and fertility was also studied. The result showed that the frequency of the FI hybrid of B -type was related to the difference of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome of male sterile lines, and was related to the construction of chromosome. The frequency of haploid could be increased by the aneuploid. There was no relation between the frequency of haploid and fertility.Investigation on the transmission of gamete of B-type cytoplasm male sterile FI hybrid showed that both the male and female 1BL/1RS gamete transmission rate were less 50%, and 1BL/1RS gamete transmission was lower than IB gamete transmission. It was obvious that the male gamete 1BL/1RS transmission was even lower. The reason was that the interaction of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome and alien cytoplasm.更多还原