【作者】 杨文平；

【导师】 张保军；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 “天达-2116”是一种以壳聚糖为主要成分的植物生长调节剂，由山东天达生物技术有限公司生产。本试验采用随机区组排列，共设八个处理，主要研究了“天达-2116”对冬小麦西农383植株性状、生理特性、产量及品质等方面的调控效应，旨在为小麦生产进一步推广该生长调节剂提供理论依据。试验结果表明： 1．“天达-2116”能够降低幼苗高度，比CK降低1.5％；根冠比较CK增加10.7％；提高了分蘖质量；株高降低，平均比CK降低了1.30cm，其中处理C、D、和G与CK差异达显著水平，基部1、2节平均分别比CK降低了0.17cm和0.34cm，抗倒能力增强；同时还对蚜虫有一定的驱避效应，蚜虫数量平均比CK减少15.6％，其中以处理D效果最佳。 2．“天达-2116”处理后对旗叶生理特性有一定的调控效应。主要表现为，旗叶叶片失水率降低，叶片保水率增加，离体24小时后平均比CK高出13.2％，以处理D效果最佳；旗叶最高叶绿素含量平均比CK增加4.6％，并能延缓叶绿素速降期的开始时间，从而延长了叶片功能期；旗叶叶片光合作用缓降期的持续时间延长，平均比CK延长了2.6天，从而延长了旗叶的功能期；膜脂过氧化的主要产物MDA含量较CK增加缓慢，这表明花后旗叶衰老延缓。 3．“天达—2116”可提高干物质积累量和花前物质向子粒的运转率(平均比CK增加14.2％，其处理D和G最佳)，从而增加了小麦灌浆物质的潜在源；同时，最大灌浆速率到达的时间后延5天左右，之后，各处理的灌浆速率平均高于CK。 4．“天达—2116”处理后能够改善小麦穗部性状。主要表现为，小麦穗长加长，平均比CK增加7.8％；不孕小穗减少，平均比CK减少20.0％；结实小穗平均比CK增加了10.7％；穗粒数平均比CK增加了2.1个粒；籽粒饱满指数提高，其中处理D与其他处理差异达极显著水平，比CK增加了2.8％；千粒重增加，平均比CK提高了6.8％。 5．“天达—2116”处理后对产量有一定的作用，其产量增幅为0.75％—13.33％，其中以处理D产量增加量大，计12.22％，同时，对籽料日质还得到一定程度的改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tianda-2116"is a plant growth regulator that main component is chitosan, which is made in Tianda biotechnology limited company in Shandong. Plant characteristic, physiological traits, yield and quality of winter wheat Xinong 383 are mainly studied with randomized blocks arrangement and eight treatments, so it can supply a theoretical basis for wheat production. The main results are as follows:1. "Tianda-2116"can retarded seedling height which is decrementaller than control by 1.5 percent, increase root cap specific value , which is larger than control by 10.7 percent, increase tiller quality, lower plant height which is less than control by 1.3 centimeters and the treatments C, D and G get significant, The first and second stems in culm base are lower for 0.17 centimeter and 0.34 centimeter, so the resistance to lodging becomes stronger. Besides those, "Tianda-2116" has wheat louses repelling effect, the numbers of louses become less than control by 15.6 percent, and the effect of treatment D is the best.2. "Tianda-2116" have a regulating effect on flag leaf physiological traits. It can decrease water loss of flag leaf, increase water-holding capacity which becomes higher than control by 13.2 percent, and the effect of treatment D is the best; It can increase the maximum chlorophyll content increased by 4.6 percent, and retard the starting time of chlorophyll rapid stage of submergence, so it has better effect on leaf functional stage. Flag leaf slow stage of submergence of photosynthesis becomes longer than that of control by 2.6 days, so leaf functional stage delays; After "Tianda-2116" treatment MDA content that is the main product of membrane lipid peroxide increases slowly, which shows that senescent of flag leaf becomes longer.3. "Tianda-2116" can raise the accumulative amount of dry matter and increase transportpercentage from matter before flower to grain which is larger than control by 1.2 percent; the treatments D and G are better, so the potential source of wheat grain-filling matter increases too. Besides those, after the "Tianda-2116" treatment the time of the maximum grain-filling rate delays for about five days. After that, the grain-filling rate becomes higher than control.4. Through the "Tianda-2116" treatment, wheat ear characteristic can improve. Its ear length becomes longer than control by 7.8 percent, the sterile spikelets become less than control by 20.2 percent, the non-sterile spikelets is higher than control by 10.7 percent, the grains per ear become larger than control by 2.1 grains, the full grain index increases, the treatment D gets very significant, it becomes higher than control by 2.8 percent, weight of 1000 grains is higher than control by 6.8 percent.5. "Tianda-2116" has an effect on the yield. Its yield increases from 0.75 percent to 13.33 percent, among which the treatment D increases most, which is 13.33 percent. In addition, grain quality has a certain improvement after the treatments of "Tianda-2116".In sum, different treatment has different regulating effect on the growth and development of winter wheat. And the treatment that seed dressing combined with foliage spray is the best. The effect of foliage spray has a better effect at flowering stage than that at jointing stage. But the treatment of only seed dressing is the less.更多还原