【作者】 凤四海；

【导师】 黄希庭；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 许多关于时间知觉阈限影响因素的研究存在三方面的不足，一是只关注外部环境条件或刺激属性对时间知觉的影响而较少探讨大脑的时间信息加工特点；二是不同研究者对阈限的操作性定义不同和实验的条件不同导致结果和术语的迥异，从而影响了不同研究之间的可比较性；三是许多研究采用的传统的心理物理学阈限测定方法和作为其基础的传统阈限概念也存在着方法学上的缺陷。 文章包括两个研究，研究一在统一时间知觉阈限的不同定义和重新反思阈限概念的尝试基础上，采用分视野技术研究时间知觉阈限在大脑两半球和三种反应方式或判断标准上的差异；研究二尝试用基于阈限模糊集定义的多维模糊估量法测定时间知觉阈限。结果表明： (1)三种反应方式下的时间知觉阈限不同，且判断标准因素存在同刺激呈现位置(左右眼)因素的交互作用。“同时”阈限最低，“右脑—左眼”和“左脑—右眼”分别约为34ms和15ms，其次是“连续”阈限，“右脑—左眼”和“左脑—右眼”分别约为145ms和147ms，最后是“顺序”阈限，“右脑—左眼”和“左脑—右眼”分别约为223ms和186ms；刺激呈现位置在“同时”和“顺序”阈限上差异显著，而在位于中间的“连续”阈限上差异不显著。“右眼”相对于“左眼”以及“同时”、“顺序”相对于“连续”判断的优势在被试反应的标准差上也得到验证，后者的标准差更大。对差异系数的分析发现了不同时间知觉阈限变化间的一个类“韦伯律”比例。 (2)时间知觉阈限存在“双脑不对称性”，大脑左半球(右眼)存在着时间信息加工上的优势，时间知觉阈限更低。 (3)用多维模糊估量法尝试测定“左／右眼”的时间知觉“分离”阈限，结果没有证实时间知觉分离阈限的“双脑不对称性”，也无法确定“分离”阈限与研究一中“连续”和“顺序”阈限的关系，但这里的结果从数值上更接近位于中间的“连续”阈限。 (4)对多维模糊估量法的内部一致性检验证明该方法有一定信度，但缺乏强有力的效度证据。多维估量法可能不适用于精细时间信息加工的实验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many researches on the factors influencing temporal perceptual threshold have limitations on three facets. First, the focuses of these researches have got more into the effects of outer environment or stimuli attribute on temporal perceptual threshold than the cerebral processing characteristics of temporal information. Second, the differences of operational definition of thresholds and experimental conditions used in these researches result in different outcomes and terms, which confines comparability among these researches. Three, there are methodological disadvantages too in the threshold measurement by Classical Psychophysics Method and classical conception of threshold at the bottom of this method used in these researches.This paper, including two studies, employed Divided visual field technique to examine the differences of temporal perceptual thresholds between two cerebral hemispheres and among three kinds of responding models or judgment criteria in the first study. The second study tried to use the method of multidimensional fuzzy assessment, which based on the Fuzzy Set definition of threshold, to evaluate temporal perceptual threshold. The results showed that:(l)There are differences among the temporal perceptual threshold for three kinds of responding models. The factor of judgment criteria also has a significant interaction effect with the factor of stimuli display position (left and right visual field). The simultaneity threshold, which is about 34ms on RH-LVF and 15ms on LH-RVF, is lower than the duration threshold, which is about 145ms on RH-LVF and 147ms on LH-RVF, and the highest one, order threshold, is about 223ms on RH-LVF and 186ms on LH-RVF. The difference between two visual fields is significant on all but the duration threshold. The advantages of right toleft visual field and simultaneity, order to duration judgment were demonstrated by theanalysis of Standard Deviation of responses. The latter have larger SD. A ratio like Weber’s Law was found among the variation of different temporal perception thresholds by analyzing their Coefficients of Variance.(2)The hemispheric asymmetry for the temporal perceptual threshold was revealed. The left-hemisphere (right visual field, LH-RVF) is superior on the processing of temporal information to the right-hemisphere (left visual field, RH-LVF) and have lower temporal perceptual thresholds.(3)The method of multidimensional fuzzy assessment was used to measure the succession threshold of temporal perception. But it was showed that the result did not confirm the hemispheric asymmetry for the temporal perceptual threshold. Also, the associations between succession threshold and duration threshold or order threshold in the first study were still not certain. The result here, however, is closer to duration threshold ,which located in the middle, than order threshold numerically.(4) To some extent, the reliability of the method of multidimensional fuzzy assessment was confirmed by the test of its internal consistency. The validity, however, was lack of strong evidences. It seems that this kind of method is not fit enough for the experiments involving fine processing of temporal information.更多还原