【作者】 董章杭；

【导师】 林文雄；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究选用5个化感作用特性差异较大的水稻品种（系）作为亲本，运用部分双列杂交设计（4×5）配成一套亲本和F₁两个世代的供体材料。测定亲本及杂种1代在不同环境条件下及不同生长发育阶段，对模式受体植物莴苣幼苗根长和茎长的抑制作用。采用数量性状的加性—显性遗传模型、发育遗传模型，分析了水稻化感作用的动态遗传特性及基因型与环境互作效应。方差分析表明，水稻生长发育的3叶期～8叶期，控制化感作用的加性效应基因与显性效应基因呈交替表达趋势。化感作用水稻对受体植物根长的抑制作用，在3叶期、5叶期和8叶期加性效应基因起主要作用，在4叶期、6叶期和7叶期显性效应基因起主要作用；对受体植物茎长的抑制作用，在7叶期和8叶期加性效应基因起主要作用，在3叶期和6叶期显性效应基因起主要作用，而在5叶期加性显性效应基因并重。遗传率分析表明，水稻化感作用的普通狭义遗传率随叶龄增大趋于下降。杂种优势分析发现，杂种F₁和F₂在3叶期、4叶期、5叶期和8叶期具有抑制受体植物根长的杂种优势，在大部分叶龄时期具有抑制受体植物茎长的杂种优势。但杂种F₂的化感作用潜力与F₁相比有所下降。水稻亲本的遗传效应分析表明，亲本Lemont和多产稻基本上没有化感作用育种价值，而亲本Taichung Nativel（I₄）、Dular和NC具有较高的化感作用育种价值。基因型与环境互作效应分析发现，水稻化感作用基因型与环境互作效应较大，特别是控制化感作用的显性效应基因受环境影响很大。化感作用水稻对受体植物根长和茎长的抑制作用受环境影响不同。对受体植物根长的抑制作用的互作狭义遗传率随叶龄增大呈下降趋势，而对受体植物茎长的抑制作用的互作狭义遗传率随叶龄增大呈上升趋势。不同环境条件下的水稻化感作用杂种优势分析表明，在温度较低、光照较弱的田间环境条件下，水稻化感作用杂种优势较大，这暗示着环境条件胁迫会提高化感作用的性状表现，也解释了前人研究发现的逆境会增强作物化感作用潜力的遗传生态学机理。因而研究水稻化感作用动态遗传及基因型与环境互作，将对化感作用水稻育种工作提供重要的理论依据和科学指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 The term Allelopathy was coined by Molisch in 1937. The rootwords of allelopathy are "allelon" and "pathos" meaning "of each other" and "to suffer", respectively. Therefore, allelopathy means the injurious effect of one upon another including the area of science that deals with the production of allelochemicals, mostly secondary metabolites, by one plant that can either induce suffering in, or give benefit to, another plant. Although the phenomenon has been stated over 2000 years ago and the term has been coined for more than 60 years, as a science, allelopathy is still a new area. The importance of allelopathy has been emphasized only in the last 20 years, when various kinds of ecological and environmental problems were caused by the use of chemical pesticides and herbicides. Studies performed in allelopahty were mainly about bioassay methods, allelochemicals, allelopathic mechanism and its germplasm screening. As a quantitative character of plants, allelopathy is affected by genetic effects and environment conditions such as weather, soil, cultivation and management of field. Accordingly genetic effects and genotype X environment effects of crop allelopathy has been paied great attention to in recent years, however, few information about these aspects especially in genetic ecology has been found.In this study, 5 parental rice varieties with different allelopathic potential were employed in partial diallel cross to get 10 groups of FI seeds. By testing the inhibiting ability of the 5 parents and 10 FIS to root length and shoot length of model receiver plant lettuce(Iac/玞a sativa L.), and by using additive-dominant developmental genetic models, dynamic genetics of rice allelopathy and its genotype X environment effects were analyzed. The results of genetic variance analysis showed that additive and dominanteffect genes express alternatively during six leaf phases, which were from 3-leaf age to 8-leaf age in rice seedling. As inhibiting ability to root length of receiver plant is concerned, additive effect genes prevailed at 3-leaf age, 5-leaf age and 8-leaf age and dominant effect genes were more active at 4-leaf age, 6-leaf age and 7-leaf age. However, genetic effect of inhibiting ability to shoot length of receiver plant was different, additive effect genes were pronounced at 7-leaf age and 8-leaf age, dominant effect genes appeared to play the most important role at 3-leaf age and 5-leaf age but the two effect genes were equally important at 6-leaf age. Heritabilities analysis indicated that either inhibiting ability to root length or that to shoot length of receiver plant, the general heritability in the narrow sense(HN2) decreased with leaf age increasing. Heterosis analysis indicated that heterosis of inhibiting ability to root length of receiver plant was significant in both FI and F2 hybrids at the four stages of 3-leaf age, 4-leaf age, 5-leaf age and 8-leaf age, and heterosis of inhibitory effect on shoot length of receiver plant was significantly obvious in both F] and F2 at the six stages. However, heterosis in F2 was lower than that in F\. Analysis of genetic main effects in 5 parents suggested that Lemont and Dasandyeo were nonallelopathic lines, showing their lower inhibitory effect on target plant, but Taichung Native 1(U), Dular and NC were elite lines exhibiting their high allelopathic breeding value. Analysis of genotype X environment(GE) interaction effect showed that genetics of allelopathy in rice was highly affected by environment, and the interaction between dominant effect genes and environment was significant. Interaction heritability in the narrow sense(HNE2) of inhibiting ability to root length of receiver plant decreased as rice leaf age increased, but H^2 of inhibiting ability to shoot length of receiver plant enhanced with the rice leaf age increasing. Under the condition of lower temperature and weak sunlight, allelopathic heterosis in rice was higher than that under condition of higher temperature and strong sunlight. This implied that plant allelopathic effect could be enh更多还原