【作者】 曹欢荣；

【导师】 赵建军；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文主要运用马克思主义的实践观、历史观和历史与逻辑的统一的方法，系统地考察了现代西方科学哲学理性的演变，认为西方科学哲学理性的演变过程经历了三个阶段：逻辑理性、历史理性、历史的逻辑理性。 逻辑理性以逻辑分析的方式将科学命题清晰化，使它和经验相对照，即使观察陈述与理论陈述相符合，其典型特征是把科学看作是由逻辑理性重建的某种普遍的规范性方法论原则所决定的东西。逻辑理性以牺牲科学的历史性为代价去追求科学理论的内在逻辑。历史理性以“历史”的方式去再现科学的动态的现实发展过程，其典型特征是把决定科学发展的因素扩展到社会和心理等更广泛的领域。历史理性否认科学方法的普遍性和科学理论的真理性，具有强烈的相对主义倾向。逻辑理性和历史理性分别着重于考察科学的静态的横断面的逻辑结构和科学的动态的纵断面的历史结构。历史的逻辑理性则将二者统一起来，在历史的发展中寻找逻辑的确定性和规范性，消除神秘主义和模糊性乃至相对主义。正确把握历史的逻辑理性的关键是如何理解历史。历史既是外在的客观的认识对象，也是现实的人的活动——人类实践。而从归根到底的意义上看，历史的本质是实践的。从实践的意义上理解历史，一切历史、传统决非一成不变的僵死的怪物，更非某种固定不变的定律的例证，而是可以不断重新塑造的对象。人的思维和认识也只有通过实践才能得到验证，并随着实践的发展而发展。历史的逻辑理性虽在理论上还处于萌芽时期，但它是“看”科学的新视角，并已成为、也将是科学哲学理论发展的增长点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mainly using the sight of practice, view of history and the method of unity of history and logic in Marxist, this thesis verifies the evolvement of the modern west philosophy of science rationality systematically and considers the west modern philosophy of science rationality processes three phases: logic rationality, history rationality, historical logic rationality.Logic rationality clears science proposition by logical analysis and makes them faceexperience, that is to say, makes theoretical proposition coincide with observational proposition, its typical character is to regard science as something determined by some universal normative methodology principle which is rebuilt by logic rationality. Logic rationality pursues internal logic of science ^theory at the cost of sacrificing history of science. History rationality emerges dynamic realistic developmental process of science by history, its typical character is to enlarge factors which decide development of science to more broad domain, such as society, psychology ect. History rationality denies universality of science method and objectivity of science theory and leans to relativism strongly. Logic rationality and history rationality give emphasis to logical structure of static transect of science and historical structure of vertical section of science separately. Historical logic rationality would unify that two in order to search logical confirmatory and standardization from historical development, and remove mysticism, mistiness and relativism. The key to grasp historical logic rationality is how to comprehend "history". History is externalobjective cognition object as well as realistic man’s activity------man’s practice. Moreoverseeing in the last significance, the essence of history is practice. The whole history and tradition are not invariable dead monster, and yet not exemplification of certain changeless laws, but is an object that can be molded renewably and continually. Man’s thought and cognition are also validated only through practice, and develop along with the development of practice. Historical logic rationality is in the embryonic stage, but it is new visual angle for us to "see" science, and already has become and will turn into new increasing spot of theory of philosophy of science.更多还原