离散型制造业ERP系统的应用与开发

【作者】 王自杰；

【导师】 陈铁军； 凌德麟；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 ERP是Enterprise Resource Planning(企业资源计划)的缩写，这一观念最初是由美国的Gartner Group公司在20世纪90年代初期提出的，它把原来的制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)拓展为围绕市场需求而建立的企业内部资源计划。它的涵义体现在管理思想、软件产品、管理系统三个层次中：它是由美国著名的计算机技术咨询和评估集团Garter Group Inc．提出的一套企业管理系统体系标准，其实质是在MRPⅡ基础上进一步发展而成的面向供应链(Supply Chain)的管理思想；它是综合应用了客户机／服务器体系、关系数据库结构、面向对象技术、图形用户界面、第四代语言(4GL)、网络通讯等信息产业成果，是以ERP管理思想为灵魂的软件产品；它是整合了企业管理理念、业务流程、基础数据、人力物力、计算机硬件和软件于一体的企业资源管理系统。从某种意义上说是衡量企业管理现代化的一个标尺，为此，它很快就被人们认同和接受，并为许许多多的企业带来了丰厚的收益。可以预测，ERP将作为管理现代化的重要内容，在我国企业中得到越来越广泛的应用。 本文首先分析研究了现代ERP理论及其与供应链管理(SCM)、业务流程重组(BPR)的关系，并详细论述了用供应链思想指导ERP实施的具体过程。ERP的核心思想就是供应链管理，它将企业的业务流程看作是一个紧密联系的供应链，其中包括供应商、制造工厂、分销网络和客户等；将企业内部划分成几个相互协同作业的支持子系统，如财务、市场营销、生产制造、质量控制、服务维护、工程技术等，还包括对竞争对手的监视管理。企业管理现代化是现代管理思想、现代组织管理方法和手段的结合体。ERP这种反映现代管理思想的软件系统的实施，必然要求有相应的管理组织和方法与之相适应。因此，ERP与BPR的结合是必然趋势。 在以上理论的指导下，本文设计开发了河南太行振动机械股份有限公司(以下简称“太行振动”)ERP系统。太行振动是从事振动机械、电子及环保设备开发与生产的国家高新技术研究发展计划863／CIMS主题应用示范企业之一，是一家典型的离散型制造企业。本项目是国家863／CIMS应用示范工程二次开发项目，是对原太行振动ERP系统的二次开发和研究。以现代的ERP设计和实施思想为指导，经过对太行振动进行需求分析，在原ERP系统的基础上制定了新的太行振动ERP系统(THZD-ERP)， 摘 要 一 保留了原系统合理有效的部分，改进了不合理部分，并补充设计了原系统 不完整的功能模块和单元，给出了系统的流程图，详细设计了围绕物料、 销售和计划信息流（供销存）的解决方案和围绕生产计划控制信息流的解 决方案，并给出了各模块的数据流图（DFD）。方案的设计基于企业的现 行管理，又高于现行管理，它吸收了 ERP的基本精髓和逻辑，并补克了原 ERP系统的不足之处。本设计方案在开发和运行环境方面，在软件、硬件 开发技术方面，在经济效益方面基本上是可行的。 作者在ERP实施和维护的实践个 深刻体会到传统ERP系统存在二 次开发、调试和维护费用较高，系统结构复杂且较僵硬、预配置依赖于组 织模型、业务过程重组被动等诸多缺点。根据这些观察，本文后面章节研 究了动态企业建模（DEM）理论和部件对象模型（COM）技术，并对以 DEM为理论指导，用COM组件实现动态ERP系统的一些关键技术进行 了探索。用COM组件实现动态Eny系统6b过程gF是DEM技术在ERP系 统中的应用过程。我们首先用COM组件实现企业的功能模型，当企业功 能模型用COM组件实现后，按企业的业务流程，选择适当的开发工具， 把有关的COM组件集成起来，开发工具可以是VIsual Basic、DdPhi等。 本文详细设计了基于COM组件的太行销售管理子系统，并给出了系统结 构图。本文选用Delphi为编程语言，采用ActiveX为组件模型。实现步骤 如下： 分析确定系统的业务对象及对象间的关联—一用Delphi开发业务对象 —一借助Delphi提供的ActiveX向导生成业务组件—一集成业务组件，生 成运行系统。 实现动态Eny系统，使得企业的管理者和业务分析人员（包括系统实 施者）可以将注意力集中到高层管理职能、最优业务实践和流程上，而不卜 是复杂的应用软件调试或没完没了的产品细节配置上。它为Eny在企业中 的广泛应用创造了条件，同时，采用COM组件技术实现ERP系统为其在 Internet环境中的应用提供了可能。总之，用 COM组件实现动态 Eny系 统是ERP的一个发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 ERP is the abbreviation for Enterprise Resource Planning, this concept was first put forward at the beginning of 1990’s by Gartner Group Inc. in America. It extends MRP II to the Enterprise inner resource plan enclosing the remands of market. Its meaning is embodied by three levels-management ideology, software product and management system: it is a series of enterprise management system standards put forward by the famous computer technology consulation and evaluation corporation-Gartner Group Inc, it is, in fact, a supply chain oriented management ideology based on MRP II; it is a software product collegiating new information technology such as C/S, relational database, OOT, GUI, 4GL, net communication etc. Its soul is ERP; it is a enterprise resource management system integrating enterprise management ideology, business process, base data, human and material resources, computer hardware and software. In some sense, it is a standard to measure enterprise modernization, so it is rapidly accepted, and bring rich benefits to lots of enterprises. It can be forecast that ERP will be used widely in our country.In this paper, the author firstly analyzes the up-to-date theory of ERP and the relationship between ERP and supply chain, business process reengineer. ERP’s core is SCM, it regards business process as a compact supply chain including supplier, manufacturing factory, sale net and customer etc. It carves up enterprise to several cooperating subsystems such as finance, market, manufacture, quality control, service, technology and competitor moniting. Modernization of enterprise management is the combo of modern management ideology and modern organization methods. ERP, the software embodying modern management ideology, must require the corresponding management organization, so it is necessary that uniting ERP and BPR.According to the above theories, the author designs and develops the ERP system of Henan Taihang vibrating machinery Co., LTD (THZD-ERP). This corporation is a tipcal dispersed manufacturing enterprise manufacturing vibrating machinery and electronic and environment protecting equipment. It is one of Chinese high technology research and develop plan 863/CIMS applying demonstrating enterprises. This project is a subproject of Chinese 863/CIMS applying demonstrating project, it is the second development of the former ERP system. According to the modern ERP design and actualization ideology andmethods, and based on the research of the former ERP system, the author designs the THZD-ERP, puts forwards the system flow chart. The author detailed designs the project of material, sale, and plan information, the project of product planing control information,furthermore, the author put forward the DFD of most modules. This project is based on the existing management system, but better than the system, it absorbed in the ERP’s base kernel and logic, implement the former ERP system. This project is feasible in the development and run conditions, and can bring rich benefit for the enterprise.During the time of ERP’s implement and maintenance, the author realized the defects of traditional ERP system such as complicated and hard-shelled structure, hard to do BPR, depended on organizing model and so on. So the author studies on the dynamic enterprise modeling(DEM) and component object modeling(COM), and explores the dynamic ERP system which is use DEM as theory direction and implement by COM. Firstly, we implement the function model using COM components, then, integrated the COM components by proper develop tools such as MS Visual Basic Delphi etc. according to the business process. We choose Delphi as the develop tool, the steps as the following:Analyze and confirm the business objects and their relationship-implement thebusiness objects by Delphi-uisng the Active X guide create business components-integrate business components and build the whole system.The implement of dynamic ERP system will make the manager and business analyzer can concentrate on the high level management and optima更多还原