【作者】 王留阳；

【导师】 朱诚身；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 材料学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 熔融插层是应用传统聚合物共混加工工艺制备聚合物基硅酸盐粘土纳米复合材料的一种新方法，这种方法不需要任何溶剂，工艺简单，更易于工业化应用。通过对蒙脱土进行有机化处理，使蒙脱土由亲水性变为亲油性，蒙脱土层间距增大并改善蒙脱土与聚合物基体的相容性；利用受限空间内力化学作用促进蒙脱土在聚合物中的分散，使熔融插层法制备聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料成为可能。目前尼龙6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备已比较成熟，而尼龙66／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备鲜有报道。本文以尼龙66为基体，天然钠基蒙脱土为填料，采用熔融插层法制备了尼龙66／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，测试了复合材料的力学性能和热性能，表征了材料的结构和结晶行为，并和尼龙66作了对比。主要结果如下： 1．以熔融插层法制备了尼龙66／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，通过TEM、WAXD等手段，研究了复合材料的微观结构。结果表明，硅酸盐片层在加工过程中被撑开，大部分蒙脱土以10～100nm厚度的片层分散于尼龙66基体中，形成了纳米复合材料。 2．通过DSC方法研究了蒙脱土纳米片层的存在对尼龙66非等温结晶行为的影响，应用非等温结晶的Bopoxobckuǚ方程，研究了尼龙66／蒙脱土纳米复合材料非等温结晶动力学。发现蒙脱上纳米片层的存在使尼龙66结晶温度和结晶速率提高，结晶活化能随蒙脱土含量的增加先增大，后减小。这表明蒙脱土纳米片层的存在并可明显改变尼龙66的结晶成核机理和生长方式。 3．加入蒙脱土后，尼龙66的晶体尺寸明显减小，结晶的完整性下降。 4．复合材料的力学性能和热性能有较大改善，综合力学性能得到较大提高；蒙脱土增强效果明显超过传统共混型复合材料。 5．有机蒙脱土的制备方法和熔融插层工艺对蒙脱土在尼龙66中的分散情 形有重要影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer melt intercalation is a promising new way to fabricate polymer layered-silicate nanocomposite by using conventional polymer melt blending technology. This method is simple and doesn’t need any solvents, so it is convenient to be put into production. Treated with prudent chosen intercalation regent, hydrophilic montmorillonite becomes hydrophobic; the interlayer distance of montmorillonite is expanded and the compatibility of montmorillonite with polymer matrix is improved. Montmorillonite disperses in the polymer matrix promoted by mechanical force and chemical interaction, which make it possible to prepare polymer/clay nanocomposite by melt intercalation process.At present, preparation of Nylon 6/montmorillonite nanocomposite is relatively mature, but there are few reports and articles about preparation of Nylon 66/montmorillonite nanocomposite. In this work, Nylon 66/montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared; mechanical and heat properties were tested, and the structure and crystallization behavior of the composites were also characterized, which were compared with that of pure Nylon 66. The main results can be summarized as follows: 1. The Nylon 66/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation process. The nanostructure features were revealedby WAXD and TEM. Most of the silicate layers were exfoliated into 10-100nm and randomly dispersed in the Nylon 66 matrix.2. The effect of nanometer montmorillonite on the nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of Nylon 66/montmorillonite nanocomposite were studied by DSC. Nonisothetmal crystallization kinetics of Nylon 66/montmorillonite was studied using Eopoxobckuu equation. The presence of nanometer montmorillonite in the composite makes the crystallization temperature and crystallization velocity rise. Activation energy of crystallization increases firstly, and then drops with augment of montmorillonite content. These show that existence of montmorillonite can change the nucleating mechanism and growth style of Nylon 66’s crystallization process.3. The presence of montmorillonite makes the crystal size diminish markedly and makes the integrality of crystal reduce.4. Mechanical and heat properties of the composite are obviously improved, the comprehensive properties are heightened; and the reinforcing effect of montmorillonite is superior to that of conventional fillers.5. Treating ways of montmorillonite and techniques of melt intercalation have great effects on the dispersing conditions of montmorillonite in the Nylon 66 matrix.更多还原