【作者】 孙光芝；

【导师】 李玉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过对寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的赤眼蜂优势种及品系筛选，防治亚洲玉米螟的优势致病菌菌种的筛选，以及蜂菌结合的有效方式研究，探讨研制载菌赤眼蜂。对于寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的赤眼蜂优势种及品系筛选采用从室内到半自然再到自然的研究方法。而防治亚洲玉米螟的优势致病菌菌种筛选采取从半自然到自然再到室内的研究方法。这种新型生防技术的研制与常规有所不同。它不仅提高了赤眼蜂的防治效果，而且使生物农药的使用更为方便。基于我国尚未完成小卵工厂化生产技术工艺的现状，选择能用大卵(柞蚕卵)繁殖、优势寄生亚洲玉米螟卵的赤眼蜂种及品系的研究结果表明：松毛虫赤眼蜂黑龙江品系可以作为防治亚洲玉米螟的工厂化生产的优良赤眼蜂种及品系，其室内寄生潜能达到17％。半自然条件下的卵粒寄生率与玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生率比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。感染玉米螟发病的优势致病菌菌种的筛选试验结果表明：苏云金杆菌特别是苏北2变种表现最佳，半自然条件下引发害虫的死亡率达到17.1％，显著高于其他处理，自然条件下，引发害虫的死亡率为12.4％。菌种苏武尽管与苏北2差异极显著(P<0.01)，但比其他菌种好。绿僵菌的效果最差，所有死亡的虫体上均未发现绿僵菌，因此不宜作防治亚洲玉米螟的蜂载菌使用。白僵菌在自然界中存活期较长，遇到适宜环境条件，就会感染甚至引发流行病，所以其长期效果优于苏云金杆菌。室内的毒力试验结果表明：苏北2和苏武都是引发玉米螟感病的较好菌种。从自然条件下的防治效果来评价载菌赤眼蜂，认为载菌赤眼蜂比单独使用赤眼蜂，可提高防治效果10％以上，最高达到15.2％。赤眼蜂载菌以后，并不影响赤眼蜂寄生玉米螟卵，所以是一项很好 的可用于防治玉米螟的新技术。 蜂菌结合的有效方式筛选结果表明，使用放蜂器对赤眼蜂载菌后的羽化 率和寄生率影响均不大，与非载菌赤眼蜂没有差异。而使用蜂卡等其他处理， 尽管对寄生率影响不大，但对羽化率影响很大，且不利于工厂化生产。同时 使用放蜂器能使赤眼蜂最大限度携带菌，携带量为3，5 X”，与其他方式相 比其载菌量的差异极显著。因此选择使用放蜂器是使蜂菌结合的最佳方式。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article studied the manufacture of Trichogramma carrying Bacteria,by screening T.species and strains which have the parasitic dominance to Asiatic corn borer eggs and screening pathogenic species which have the control dominance of Asiatic corn borer, and by study the effective method of the conjunction of Trichogramma and bacteria . We used the method under lab 梥emi-natural condition梟atural condition to screen Trichogramma species and strains which have the parasitic dominance of Asiatic corn borer eggs. But we used the method of Semi-natural condition?natural condition -lab to screen pathogenic species which has the control dominance to corn borer .This method is different from routine method. This new biological control technology not only increase the control effect of Trichogramma, but also provide convenience for using bacteria.Because the commercial Scale production technology of minute eggs such as Corcyra cephalon and Sitotroga Cerealella hadn’t been finished in China, so we screened the Heilongjiang strain of T.dendrolimi which could be commercial Scale producted as the T.species and strain which had the parasitic domimnance to Asiatic corn borer .It potencially parasitic capability could reach 17% and parasitic rate was as same as T.ostnmae species and strains in semi-natural condition.The result of the study indicated that Bacillus thuringinsis, especially Variety Beijing2 had the infection dominance to Asiatic com borer. In semi-natural condition, the rate of dead pests reached 17.1%,which significantly higher than any of the others .Under natural condition , the rate of dead pest reached 12.4%,Although, variety Beijing2 and variety Wuhan were significantlyindifferent(p<0.01),but variety Wuhan is superior to other species .Under natural condition , Beauveria bassiana lives long time .when condition is suitable , it’ll infect ,even lead to epidemic .So in the long run its control effect is better than Bacillus thwingiensis . Green muscardine couldn’t infect Asiatic corn borer, so we think it isn’t suitable as one kind of bacteria for Trichogramma to carry to control Asiatic corn borer. We could evaluate the control effect of Trichogramma carrying bacteria under nature condition. We viewed that Trichogramma carrying Bacteria can increase the control effect over 10%,the highest was 15.2%. Bacteria which Trichogramma carried didn’t affect the parasitism of Trichogramma .So the use of Trichogramma carrying Bacteria is a new perfect biological control technology.The conclusion also demonstrated the best method in the four methods by which Trichogramma carried Bacteria is using the utensil with which releasing Trichogramma. The utensil didn’t affect eclosion rate and parasitic rate of Trichogramma. Furthermore, this method made Trichogramma carry Bacteria 3.5xi06,much more than any other method made .So the use of utensil with which releasing Trichogramma are beneficial to the conjunction for Trichogramma and Bacteria.更多还原