【作者】 李明堂；

【导师】 赵晓松；

【作者基本信息】 吉林农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过25℃恒温室液体培养和网室盆栽试验，研究了在水培和土培两种情况下，锗对水稻生长发育的影响；并初探了锗在土壤—水稻系统内的迁移和积累规律。 在前人研究的基础上，对在锗—苏木精—偏钒酸铵体系中利用催化极谱法测定锗的条件做了一些改变，使得在本仪器的工作状态下此法具有良好的精密度和准确度，峰电位为-0.68V，检测下限为8.63×10^-4μg/ml，线性范围为1.00×10^-3—1.60×10^-2μg／ml。结果表明，用催化极谱法测定试验样品中的锗兼具灵敏、准确、快速、简便和选择性好等优点，可满足环境样品的痕量分析。 试验结果表明，低浓度的锗对水稻的生长发育具有促进作用，高浓度的锗则具有抑制或毒害作用。不同品种水稻幼苗的生长发育受锗的影响程度不同。营养液和土壤中的锗能够被根系迅速且大量地吸收。以不同形式向土壤中添加锗时，锗对水稻的毒害作用会因加入量的大小和形式的不同而不同。锗在水稻体内的积累规律为茎叶＞根＞糙米，即锗一旦被水稻吸收，将迅速运往地上部分。水稻在整个生长发育过程中对锗的吸收能力不同，灌浆期对锗的吸收能力最大。在各器官中，茎叶中的积累量最大。土壤中锗的含量为20.0μg／g时水稻的叶片上会出现褐色的坏死斑。每盆水稻的总籽粒重减少10％时，即土壤中锗的含量达28.7μg／g，锗就对土壤构成了污染。土壤中锗的存在还会影响水稻对钾元素的吸收，随着锗含量的增加，水稻对钾的吸收量明显减少。 本实验可为锗矿山废弃地的复垦和植被重建以及受锗厂锗矿废水废渣污染严重的稻田土壤的重新开发利用提供依据，为锗的生态和环境效应的研究提供一定的理论支持。同时也可为研究锗是否是植物生长发育所必需的元素提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the effect of germanium on rice plant growth under solution and soil culture in constant temperature at 25C cabinet and pot culture system in net room were studied. The law of germanium translocation and accumulation hi rice plant and soil added germanium system was also studied .On the basis of former’s study, by changing some conditions of the catalytic polar graphic determination of germanium by use of the Hematoxylin (C16H14O6 ’3H2O)-Ammonium Meta Vanadate (NH4VO3) system, the precision and accuracy of the method were very good in the instrument and testing conditions. The peak potential was -0.68V. The detection limit of germanium was 8.63 X 10 -4 g/g in the final solution. The working range of the calibration was 1.00 X 10 -3 - 1.60X 10-2 g/ml. The results showed this method for determination of trace germanium in the tested samples was rather sensitive, accurate and rapid method with easy operation and good selectivity. This system would be used by accurate quantitative determination of samples of the experiment.The experimental data showed that low concentration of germanium in culture solution and soil could increase the rice plant growth but high concentration of germanium could inhibit the growth or have the phytotoxicity. The degree of influence of germanium on different rice plant seedlings was different. Roots could absorb the germanium in culture solution and soil quickly and vastly. The influence of germanium on rice plant growth would be different when the adding method or the added germanium quantity was different. The law of germanium accumulation in rice plant body was stalk-leave > root > unpolished rice by terms of germanium content. In the period of growth of rice plant the ability of root to absorb germanium was different. In the plasma stage the ability of rice plant to absorb germanium is the greatest and the accumulation quantity of germanium hi the stalk-leaf was greatest in different organs. The necrotic spots appeared on the leaf blades when the germanium content was 20.0 ug/g in soil. When the germanium content was above 28.7 g/g the soil would be polluted and the total grain weight of each pot would be decreased by 10%. The germanium in soil also influenced the absorption of potassium. The ability of the rice plant to absorb potassium could be decreased with the higher concentration ofgermanium.The study can offer theory basis for the resolving of pollution problem by irrigation with industrial waster water contained germanium, and also can help the work of plant restoration and resumption of abandoned germanium mine lands. This paper can support the study of environmental and ecologic effect of germanium and the study of whether germanium is the necessary element in the growth of plant.更多还原