【作者】 戴淑燕；

【导师】 胡宇辰；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 企业管理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 物流一词最早出现于美国，1956年日本派团考察美国的流通技术，引进了物流的概念。80年代初，我国从欧美和日本引入物流概念，虽然物流从1915年提出到现在，经过70多年的发展，但其定义仍众说纷纭，并无定论。在查阅大量资料和经过思考之后，笔者将现代物流定义为“为了实现顾客满意，连接供给主体和需求主体，克服空间和时间阻碍，实现有效、快速的商品、信息和服务流动的经济活动过程”。基于Internet的电子商务的出现对物流的发展提出了巨大的挑战与发展机遇。一方面，现有的物流发展水平已成为电子商务发展的瓶颈；另一方面，电子商务的出现极大地促进物流技术的发展，对传统流通领域产生分化和重组。从这个意义上来说，物流与电子商务是息息相关的，两者的关系密不可分。总的看来，电子商务是现代化物流和信息技术发展的产物，物流是实施电子商务的根本保证。基于电子商务下的物流呈现出信息化、自动化、网络化、智能化、柔性化的特点。相对于发达国家而言，中国的物流产业尚处于起步阶段，主要特点是：企业物流仍是全社会物流活动的重点，专业化物流企业开始涌现，物流基础设施和装备发展初具规模，物流产业发展正在引起各级政府的高度重视。但也存在不少问题，如：物流产业发展仍然面临着较大的市场需求约束，专业化物流服务的方式还很有限，物流企业的管理水平仍有待提高，仍属低水平的物流基础设施和装备条件严重影响着物流效率的提高。这些问题的存在因扰着电子商务配送的发展，以致于出现配送成本过高、商品仓储费用高和配送渠道不完善等类似问题。另外，加入WTO对中国物流产业的影响是全面的、深远的。美、日在发展电子商务配送方面走在世界的前列。从总体上来说，美、日的物流配送的社会化、组织化程度较高，比较重视商品流通中增值加工服务，注意研究应用物流配送实用技术和方法，注重物流设施的投资建设，另外政府在配送中心建设方面发挥了重要作用。在总结美、日发展电子商务配送的经验的基础上，针对目前电子商务配送中出现的问题，笔者认为，电子商务条件下新型物流配送应具备三个条件：一是高<WP=6>水平的管理，二是高素质的人才队伍，三是高科技的装备。我国目前从事电子商务的企业大致有两类：一是传统大型制造企业，一是兼营或专营电子商务的网站。归纳起来，我国电子商务物流配送模式大致有三种分类法，每种分类中又有一些具体模式。这几种模式各有优缺点。在分析上述物流配送模式的基础上，笔者指出，在当前条件下，选择何种配送模式应以“适宜”为标准，不可一味地强调科学性，但同时指出，社会化中介模式和共同配送是发展的趋势所在。最后，电子商务物流要发展，必须从两个方面着手：一是积极稳妥地推进流通业的电子商务的发展，一是促进物流业本身的发展。在发展电子商务方面，应从以下几方面加以考虑：加强流通信息化的基础性工作，推动企业成为电子商务应用的主体，用电子商务手段改造我国的物流体系。在物流产业发展方面，应从以下几方面加以考虑：要转变观念提高认识，政府要发挥投资者、规划者、创新者、协调者的作用，大力加强生产企业物流的建设，坚持以人为本，重视和加快物流园区的建设，加快物流标准化的建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 The word "logistic" first appeared in America, Japan introduced it from America in 1956, in the early 1980s, China imported it from Europe and Japan. Although through 70 years development, the definition of logistic had no been decided on a verdict. In this article, the writer defined it. She thinks logistic is, to complete the effective, fast economic activities of commodities, information and services’ circulation, for achieving the customers’ satisfaction, through linking up the suppliers and demanders, and breaking through the obstruction of space and time.Under the condition of e-commerce, the development of logistic in China are facing great challenges and good opportunities. On one hand, the level of the present logistics’ development is the bottleneck of e-commerce’s development, on the other hand, the appearance of e-commerce mostly accelerated the logistic technology improvement and made apart, combined the traditional circulation industry. So, we can see logistic and e-commerce are closely linked. Briefly, logistic is the production of logistic and information technology, logistic is the fundamental guarantee of e-commerce. The characteristics of e-commerce logistic are: informationlization, automationlization, electricalization, intelligentization, and flexiblization.Compared with the developed countries, logistic in China is still in the first stage, the status quo is like these: the enterprises logistic account for the large part of the whole social logistic, the professional enterprises logistic are springing up, the infrastructure and equipments have reached to some degree, and the government at different levels are attaching importance to the development of logistic. And the problems are these: the logistic is still facing the deficient market demand, the limited style of professional logistic services, the level of logistic enterprises’ management are having much room for improvement, the comparatively lower level of the infrastructures and equipments hinders the promotion of logistic efficiency. All these problems impede the development of e-commerce distribution. In addition, entering WTO brings profound and lasting influence on logistic.America and Japan are on the first rank on the e-commerce distribution all over the world, generally speaking, the levels of theirs’ socializational organizational distribution <WP=8>are higher, they pay more attention to the value-added in services, attach more importance to researching the technologies and methods in distribution, lay stress on investing in the infrastructures, and their government do much more things for the distribution center.Learning from the experiences of e-commerce distribution in America and Japan, to solve the problems lies in our e-commerce distribution, the writer thinks that the new distribution center under the condition of e-commerce must have three qualifications: high level management, high accomplish human resources, high technical equipment. Presently, there are two types of enterprises engaging in e-commerce, one is the traditional large manufacture enterprises, the other is the concurrent or professional website companies, and there are three classes of e-commerce distribution, each of the classes has its two sides. By analyzing those styles, the writer points out that under the present condition, selecting which style should follow the principle-“appropriate”, not just “scientific”,and she also point out the tendency.Lastly, the writer thinks we must start with two aspects to promote the e-commerce logistic. One is to push on the e-commerce development in circulation positively and steadily, through enforcing the fundamental work on circulation industry information; impelling the enterprises to apply the e-commerce; using the e-commerce to innovate the old logistic systems. The other is to bring logistic on, through changing mind; persisting in the idea-based on human resources; strengthening the establishment of production enterprises logistic; accelerating building logistic campus; speeding up the establi更多还原