小学思想品德课教学实效性研究

【作者】 刘刚；

【导师】 肖文娥；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 从世界各国的教育现实来看，许多国家对开设专门的德育学科课程持肯定的态度。我国自1981年在小学开设思想品德课以来，一直对其高度重视。思想品德课是我国小学德育最经常的重要途径，而其实效性差是困扰学校德育工作的难点问题。因此，在全社会实施公民道德教育的大背景下，研究小学思想品德课教学的实效性，具有重要的现实意义。 本论文首先对思想品德课自身的特征及品德教学与知识、技能教学的区别进行了浅析。在前人研究的基础上，对思想品德课教学的实效性进行了多角度讨论，将其定义为：思想品德课教学的现实功效与期望功效的吻合程度。吻合程度越高越有效，反之则实效低下。 小学生品德发展的年龄特征是研究思想品德课教学实效性的内在根据，在前人研究的成果之上，论文从年级和品德结构(知情行)两个角度对该问题进行了分析，这也是探讨思想品德课教学实效性的基础。通过问卷调查(和访谈)，对教学现状进行了具体研究，发现影响实效性的问题主要有：教师对学生的心理特征、兴趣、生活等缺乏了解；教学内容知识化、抽象化，与学生的现实生活脱节；教学方法单一，现代教学技术使用贫乏。针对以上问题论文提出思想品德课教学应树立五大基本理念：把握背景——教学的基础；深入浅出——重要的教学原则；现实生活——教学的源泉；启发一探究——教学的基本特征；美——教学的至高境界。最后，提出了提高思想品德课教学实效性的具体途径：加强教师培训；开展调查研究；建立平等复合的师生关系，弘扬学生的主体性；教学向现实生活的开放；丰富情感体验，重视情感培养；重视教学评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the present world education situation, there are many countries that have a positive attitude on offering special curriculum. In our country, the government attached great importance to moral curriculum in primary school since 1981 when it is set up. Moral teaching is regarded as an important approach to carry out moral education, but its lower actual-effect becomes a trouble to the school moral education. Therefore, to study the subject how to enforce the actual-effect of primary moral teaching is of realistic significance against the background that civil moral education is earring out in the whole society.At first, the paper analysis the characters of moral teaching itself and the differences among moral, knowledge, and skill. Based on reviewing formers’ study, the paper discusses the actual-effect of moral teaching from many dimensions and indefinites it as the coincidity between the moral teaching’s actual-effect and its expected-effect. The higher of the coincident is, the more effect the teaching is; otherwise, the effect is lower.The age characters of pupil’s moral development is the inside basis of the study on the moral teaching actual-effect. Based on the formers study, the paper analysis the subject from two angles-grade and moral structure. Then, a concrete study about the actual-effect are found. The teacher pay less attention to the pupils’ psychology character, interesting, and life; the teaching content nearly has norelation with the pupils’ real life; the teachers make bad use of teaching methods and modern teaching technology. In order to resolve these problems, the paper set up five ideas: understand the background -the basis of teaching; make profound knowledge easy to be learned -the important principle of teaching; actual life-the resources of teaching; enlighten-research-the basic character of teaching; aesthetic-the highest pursuit of teaching. At last, some advises which benefit to enhance the moral teaching actual-effect is offered: Enforce teachers’ training; develop investigation; build equal and multi-dimension teacher-student relationship, realize the students’ subjectivity; open the teaching up to real life; enrich the students feeling experience and attach importance to their feeling; pay more attention to evaluate teaching.更多还原