抗战胜利后河北省敌伪产业接收述论

【作者】 赵志强；

【导师】 郭贵儒；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 抗战胜利后，国民政府及收复区各省市对敌伪产业进行了大规模的接收处理。这项工作在战后国民政府的工作中占有重要地位。目前，史学界对于这一领域的研究甚少，有关河北省接收工作的研究更是空白。本文拟对河北省敌伪产业的接收工作作一些粗浅的分析和探讨。 国民政府的接收工作是仓促开始的，缺乏统一的接收步骤和有效的控制，接收工作是在混乱和抢夺中完成的。整个接收工作效率低下弊端丛生，贪污盗窃大面积发生。国民政府接收工作是一次失败之举，已成共识。 河北省的接收工作就是在混乱和抢夺中开始的。河北省进行接收的主要组织是河北省党政接收委员会，该委员会几乎包括了河北省政府的所有部门和中央各部门驻华北的特派员。河北省的接收工作基本上是在党政接收委员会存在时期完成的。接收工作按照财政金融、建设、教育文化、粮食及物资等类别分别进行。对于财政金融的接收主要以省财政厅为主，接收了伪财政厅及其他各单位的现金、存款及各种有价证券，接收总值近6000万元法币。另外由河北省银行接收伪河北银行及其分支机构。经过清理发现，伪河北银行负债累累。对伪河北省财政金融的接收，使河北省背上沉重的包袱。对于建设事业的接收以建设厅为主，接收的内容包括工业、矿业、商业、农场、交通、电讯、水利等部门。在接收之初，河北省曾拟定了庞大的接收计划。经过一番努力，河北省接收了工矿等企事业单位200多家。然而，与处理局的交涉的结果却是大部分单位被处理局移交给了其他部门，河北省所得甚少，而复工的只有一两家。对于教育文化部门的接收由教育厅完成，共计接收省立各级学校、文教机关等61单位。由于教育厅准备充分，接收工作有条不紊，在河北省各部门中接收工作完成的比较出色。对于粮食的接收主要由田粮处完成，接收的对象包括敌伪各级粮食仓库、加工厂、各种存粮及一些附属设施。河北省所接收的粮食大部分拨作军粮，为国民党反动派发动内战提了后勤支持。对于各种物资的接收处理是河北省接收工作的重中之重，并为此专门成立了河北省公营事业管理委员会，作为处理物资的机构。河北省接收处理的物资总值达30亿元法币以上。在接收过程中，河北省当局同敌伪产业处理局等其他接收单位发生了严重的矛盾和冲突，在接收争夺中，河北省处于不利地位。 河北省的接收工作与国民政府的接收工作一样，是一次失败之举。国民党当局接收敌伪产业工作的失败，虽然有一些客观原因，但是最根本的原因在于国民党自身的腐败。接收的失败，使国民党丧失了人民的支持，最终走向了失败。更多还原

【Abstract】 On liberation of the anti-Japanese war, the provinces and cities in the recaptured area together with the National Government took over the alien property on a large scale. The take-over played an important part in the work of the postwar National Government. Up to now, very little research has been done on this field in historiography. And research on the concerning take-over work in Hebei province even comes to zero. The essay tries to probe into and analyze the alien property take-over in Hebei province.Take-over by the National Government started in a hurry and completed in confusion and contending without unified procedures or any effective mechanism. The work lacked efficiency with abuses breaking out, and corruptions and theft occurring seriously. It has been agreed that the take-over by the National Government was a failure.It was just in confusion and contending that started the take-over in Hebei. The Hebei Party Administration Committee for Take-over was the main organization dealing with take-over businesses in Hebei, which involved almost all the departments of Hebei provincial government and accredited persons stationed in North China from each central department. The work was generally completed while the Party Administration Committee for Take-over was existing. The work was classified into finance, construction, education and culture, grains, and materials ,etc. and carried on respectively. It was the Hebei Financial Department that took the mam responsibility in terms of taking over financial properties. Cash, deposits, and various securities worthy of 60 million legal tender owned by alien Financial Department as well as other units was taken over. Besides, the Bank of Hebei took over the alien bank as well as its branches. On liquidation it was found that the alien bank was in heavy debt. Hebei province bore a heavy burden on taking over alien financial properties. It was mainly up to the Construction Department to take over the constructional facilities and properties. The work concerned such departments as manufacturing industries, mining industries, business operations, farms, transportation, communication, and water conservancy and so on.. A sound and huge plan had been made at the beginning of take-over and through efforts the provincial government took over more than 200 industrial and other units. However, after negotiatingwith the Alien Property Administration, most units were handed over to other departments by the latter. Very few was entitled to Hebei and only a couple of them resumed working. The take-over of educational and cultural departments was completed by the Educational Department. There were all together 61 units taken over including all levels of provincial schools and cultural and educational bodies. Compared with other departments, the Educational Department did a better job with tidy arrangement due to sufficient prepare. As for take-over of grains, it went to the Field and Grain Department mainly. Objects included different levels of alien grain warehouses, millers, grain stocks and some affiliates. Most take-over grain was appropriated for military purpose which provided a support in rear service for launching the civil war by reactionaries of the National Party. Take-over of various materials was the main point in Hebei. The Hebei Publicly-run business Administration Committee was especially set up for this purpose as the organization dealing with materials. The materials taken over by Hebei were summed up to more than 300 million legal tender. In the process of take-over, serious conflicts and contradictions occurred between Hebei authority and other take-over body such as the Alien Property Administration. Hebei province was in an unfavorable position in scrambling for take-over properties.As other provinces and cities, the take-over in Hebei was no more than a failure. Although there were some objective reasons for the failure in taking over the alien properties by the National Party authorities, the essential reason lied in corruption of the p更多还原