【作者】 张华；

【导师】 徐鹏绪；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 散文是创作主体生存体验和内心感受的表达，是一种侧重于抒发个体情感与思想的文学样式。本文从文体学的角度切入，以二周散文话语方式的差异为中介，考察话语体式与主体精神结构的二元对应关系。文白夹杂、方言俗语并用的个性化语言系统，简炼不失余韵的语体追求，日常生活平凡事的题材表现，迂回曲折的表达方式，随感漫议的闲谈散文与无结构自由语体即个性语体的创造，是二周在话语体式方面杂色中见出统一之处。而语言格调整体特征上的丰富多变与平实统一，艺术表现手法上的现代与传统，艺术节奏上的紧张舒缓兼有与以舒缓为主，则是他们散文话语方式上的主要区别。文的复杂照出人的复杂。二周散文内部各种体式的交叉转变渗透着主体精神结构的复杂变迁。鲁迅的矛盾多来自外界现实斗争中两种力量的取舍，周作人的矛盾则是一个人的战争，体现出一种“次子心态”。二周在生活和创作中的战士情结和名士情结深刻影响了其散文风格的形成。一系列意象的选取生成实质上也是他们各自不同人生态度、生活方式与生存体验的产物。深厚的杂学根基和自由宽广的接受心态造就了二周强大的认知心理结构从而完成了多元散文体态的构建。个性心理结构的差异又决定了其认知心理结构及散文文体创造中的差别。开放的时代形成二周开放型的接受心态，充分利用了散文文体的自由特质和巨大弹性，实现了各类异质文体的交流互渗，完成了现代散文的革新与创造，从而形成了二周散文文体开放型的大型对话结构，包括散文文体与其它异质文体的对话、作者与自我心灵的内部对话以及二周散文与读者的对话。 二周用现代文体抒写了现代社会中孤独的生存体验及身处过去未来交界处的中间意识。其散文文体的文化意义在于对优秀中外文化的选择性吸收，对科学理性等现代精神的提倡，对个体精神自由宽广的追求，对人类生存终极意义的思索。二周散文的多元风格代表了人类精神史上两个不同的心灵向度，具有普遍意义。同时，他们的散文中还灌注着主体的精神血脉和思想情怀，是主体精神和心灵历程的全面写生，显示出一种大手笔大气象，开创了中国现代散文文体现代化、民族化、个性化的发展道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prose is the conveyance of the writer’s living experiences and inner feelings, which places particular emphasis on the expression of individual motions and thoughts.This article will explain Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren’s prose with stylistics,study the corresponding relation between the speaking pattern and the writer’s spiritual structure by the media of observation on the different way they organizing their prose.Lu and Zhou’s prose share some characters in common in appearance, such as the personalized linguistic system including classical Chinese,spoken Chinese, dialects and colloquial isms, the pursuit of succinctness and refined and sophisticated taste of spoken style, the display of daily life, the implicit and indirect way of express ing, the chatting prose and the creation of the free spoken style with no structure(personalized spoken style in essence)etc. There are also some differences in their organization. Abundance & change and unification & simplicity are the main difference in their whole literary style.Lu’s prose consists in the modern European artistic skills whereas Zhou’s mainly the Chinese traditional ones.The complexity of Lu and Zhou’s prose reflects the complexity of themselves. Many sub-style of their prose give a mirror of their spiritual structure.Most of Lu’s contradiction came from the real struggle whi le Zhou’s was a war of himself, showing a typical mentality of the second son. Lu’s soldier complex and Zhou’s tecluse complex have affected their writing style of prose. A series of images representtheir different living patterns, existing experiences and attitude on life.Lu and Zhou’s powerful psychological structure of cognition based on their profound knowledge and free wide acceptive mentality has finished the construction of their varied styles of prose.The open era has brought them open mind. Lu and Zhou have made ful 1 use of the prose’s flexibility and the speciality of freedom, having real ized the communication of each style and completed the innovat ion and creation of Chinese modern prose by which building the big structure of dialogue including the dialogue between prose and other literary styles, the interior talk of the writer with himself and the prose with readers.With the modern style of prose,Lu and Zhou have expressed the modern awareness of individual’s loneliness and consciousness of transition. The cultural significance of their prose lies in the selective absorption in the beneficial culture all through the world, the advocation of science, reason and other modern spirits, the pursuit of freedom, width and broadness of individual’s spirit and the thinking about the final meaning of people’s existing. Meanwhile, their spirits and thoughts have been poured into the prose which has recorded their spiritual journey and shown a kind of magnificent atmosphere. Lu and Zhou have found the way of modernization, nationalization and personalization of the style of the Chinese modern prose更多还原