论中美经贸关系中的合作问题

【作者】 王洪春；

【导师】 韩玉贵；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 中美建交以来，特别是冷战结束后，中美经贸合作在共同经济利益的基础上迅速扩大，并推动中美经贸关系不断发展壮大。经贸关系对中美关系的促进作用在不断增强。当前，双边经贸关系已由当初在双边关系中的从属因素逐渐转变为一个新的利益基础，成为双边关系不断发展的重要支柱和强大推动力。那么，中美两国在经贸领域的合作有着哪些必然性?利益合作的主要形式是什么?中美经贸关系又存在哪些问题?为什么会产生这些问题?冷战后中美经贸关系对中美关系的重要支撑与促进作用有何体现?为什么?围绕上述问题，本文对“论中美经贸关系中的合作问题”进行了探讨。 文章分为三个部分： 一、中美经贸关系中的利益合作。世界经济政治形势的发展变化、中美经济发展的特点、两国政府对双边经贸合作的认同及为此所做的努力，使两国的经贸合作成为必然。首先，经济全球化发展趋势之下世界各国之间相互依存的日益密切，这为中美经贸合作创造了良好的条件。第二，日趋激烈的国际经济竞争成为中美经贸合作的促进因素。第三，两国经济发展水平的巨大差异和生产要素的比较优势不同，使两国在经贸结构上具有天然的互补性和互利性，这是双边经贸关系得以不断发展的内在驱动力。最后，中美两国政府对双边经贸合作有着广泛共识，并为加强两国经贸合作不断努力，为中美经贸合作提供了坚实的基础。中美建交以来尤其是冷战以后，在共同利益的推动下，加上中美双方的共同努力，中美经贸合作不断扩大，取得了巨大的成就。双方经贸往来与合作的形式从最初单一的进出口贸易发展为包括商品、技术以及服务在内的贸易往来和相互投资等多种形式。 二、中美经贸关系中的主要问题，双边经贸往来也充满了种种矛盾和问题，分歧与纠纷一直伴随着中美经贸关系的发展进程，经贸问题与摩擦不时成为中美关系的焦点。总的来看，中美经贸关系发展中的问题与矛盾主要有：最惠国待遇问题、贸易不平衡问题、知识产权问题、市场准入问题、纺织品贸易问题、反倾销问题以及中国“复关”、“入世”问题。分析中美经贸问题产生的主要原因，不乏随经济交往的不断加深而自然产生的，但真正值得重视和警惕的是，由于美国不断制造障碍和麻烦，中美经贸关系还要受到许多非经济因素的影响和制约，甚至是人为因素的干扰。主要包括：中美两国的超大型特征以及在许多方面存在着巨大差异、中美经贸关系的相互依存度不够以及双方地位的非对称性、美国政府利用经贸关系向中国施加政治压力、美国国内的政治斗争以及美 国的贸易保护主义。这种种经济与政治上的原因使得中美经贸关系的问题与摩擦不断， 发展过程困难重重。 三、加强中美经贸合作，促进中美关系发展。建交以来，中美经贸合作对中美关系 的作用与影响也越来越大，己逐渐成为中美关系的又一个重要利益基础。特别是苏联解）体、冷战结束以后，经贸合作己经成为双边关系的一个最重要的支柱，对两国关系起到 了强大的支撑与减震作用。其主要原因在于：首先，冷战后美国在外交中更加重视经济 利益；其次，中美经贸关系的不断发展己经在美国国内形成了支持中国的强大利益集团； 最后，美国从长远的对华政治战略出发，将保持和发展同中国的经贸联系作为“增加 美国对中国内政和经济改革的影响”的途径，以实现对华“接触战略”的目标。但另一 方面，由于中美经贸关系历来受到、今后也不可能摆脱两国政治关系的制约，所以，不 断克服或减少政治等因素的制约，积极推动经贸合作，对稳定和发展中美关系是非常必 要的。对于美国而言，最重要的就是应该排除政治因素的不利影响，把贸易问题和摩擦作为技 术或业务问题来处理。而中国方面，应在处理双边经贸纠纷的同时，不断开放国内市场。 同时要推行对外贸易多元化，开拓更广阔的国际市场，以减少对美国市场的依赖程度。 随着中国经济实力和综合国力的不断提高以及中国入世，中美经贸合作将会进一步向深甩 度和广度发展，中美经贸关系的进一步发展必将促进两国关系健康稳定地发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China and America established diplomatic relations, especially after the termination of the cold war, Sino-U.S. economic and trade cooperation has expanded rapidly because of the common economic interest, and propelled the bilateral economic relations forward continuously in spite of all kinds of issues and barriers. The positive effect of bilateral economic and trade relations to the whole Sino-U.S. relations are enhancing. At the present, bilateral economic and trade relations has changed into a new interest basis of the bilateral relations from originally subordinate factor, and become the important pillar and powerful motive force which advance bilateral relations. Which necessity is it that China and America cooperate in economic and trade field? What are the chief contents of interest cooperation? Which issues exist in Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations? Why do these issues emerge? How dose Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations support Sino-U.S. relations? Why? Circling the above questions, this dissertation manages to study the cooperation and issues of Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations.The dissertation contains three sections:The first section demonstrates the interest cooperation of Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations. There is much necessity for Sino-U.S. economic and trade cooperation. Firstly, with the development of economic globalization, the interdependency between countries is closer and closer, which offers favorable conditions for bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Secondly, the fiercer and fiercer international economic competing is the accelerative factor. Thirdly, there is a strong economic and trade complementarity for the tow big countries, and both can share and benefit each other’s big market. This is the inherent impetus. Lastly, the tow countries have common recognition on bilateral economic and trade cooperation and make great efforts to reinforce bilateral economic and trade cooperation. This provides a solid foundation for bilateral economic and trade cooperation. Consequently, Sino-U.S. economic and trade cooperation achieves immense success. The chief contents of bilateral interest cooperation increase fast from initial single import-export trade to trade including merchandise, technology and serve and investment.The second section details the main issues of Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations. By and large, the main issues of Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations include Most Favoured Nation treatment, trade imbalance, intellectual property right, market entry, textile trade,anti-dumping and restoration of China’s membership in GATT and its entry into WTO. The main reasons that cause the issues are the following: the much differences between the tow big countries, the insufficiency of bilateral interdependency, the political interruption and American trade protectionism.The last section mainly discusses the influences of bilateral economic and trade cooperation on the whole Sino-U.S. relations. Since establishing diplomatic relations, the positive influences of bilateral economic and trade cooperation on the whole Sino-U.S. relations is bigger and bigger. After the cold war, economic and trade cooperation has become the other important interest basis of the bilateral relations. The first cause of this is that America pays more attention to economic interest in foreign affaires. The second one lies in that the development of bilateral economic and trade relations have formed powerful interest group within America, which stand by China. Finally, America regards keeping in economic and trade contact with China as the channel that can increase American influence on China. In brief, the growing of Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations has become the effective way promoting bilateral relations. But because political relations affect bilateral economic and trade relations, it is very indispensable for both sides to conquer or reduce some negative influence to develop bilateral economic and trade cooperation and advance Sino-U.S.更多还原