《切韵声原》研究

【作者】 张小英；

【导师】 张玉来；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 《切韵声原》是产生于明崇祯年间一部反映“存雅求正”的普通话音系的韵学著作，收于方以智所著的百科全书式巨著《通雅》卷五十。前辈学者虽有论及，但都点到为止，迄今学界尚未对其进行过深入系统研究。本文力图在全面把握该书的时代背景、作者生平、成书过程及声韵调系统的基础上，联系《洪武正韵》、《中原音韵》及同时或稍晚些的语音资料并参考现代汉语某些方言，运用横向与纵向两种比较方法，研究该书的音系特点。 论文正文分五个部分： 一、概说 明末清初社会动荡，思想领域中外文化发生交流、碰撞，西学东渐。方以智受利玛窦、金尼阁等人影响，接受了西方的科学观念，创作了《切韵声原》，尝试从音理角度研究语音。 《切韵声原》不仅对研究明清之际汉语共同语有重要的史料价值，其中所采用的研究方法及一些理论、观点对后人也有不少启发。 通过与同时代其他韵书、韵图的比较，并在分析该韵图自身特征的前提下，我们将其定性为“存雅求正”的普通话音系。 二、《切韵声原》的声母系统 首先阐述方以智在声母问题上的独特见解，然后就一些问题展开具体的分析和讨论，如：全浊声母的清化和知庄章的分合，庄精合一，泥日疑合一，泥来混并及奉微合一等。 三、《切韵声原》的韵母系统 首光阐述方以智对韵母问题的看法，然后对各韵分别讨论。该韵书入声兼承阴 阳，先分析舒声韵的情况，再对入声韵仔细梳理。《切韵声原》的韵母系统与《洪 武正韵》、《中原音韵》有着明显的传承关系，但也反映了语音的发展变化：如开 口二等喉牙音发生胯化，产生一介音；出现了韵母；还带有方言特点，如臻深梗 曾四摄合流。最后对韵母中一些问题进行讨论。．至 四、《切韵声原》的声调系统 《切韵声原》共列阴、阳、上、去、入五声，全浊上声多数仍归上声。 五、结语 这一部分对该书的性质作了简要的论述，并对全文的研究作了总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 QIC Yun Sheng Yuan is a rhyme book written during Chong Zhen period of Ming Dynasty, which reflects Pu long Hua phonetic system, included in Volume 50 th of Fang Yizhi’s encyclopedia monumental work桾ong Ya . predecessors have made some commentary remarks covering it, but they have never made a thorough study.Based on the whole grasp to its back ground, the author’ life, the course of writing and tones, this dissertation attempts to study the phonetic features in this book ,by horizontal and vertical comparisons and contacting to Hong Wu Zheng Yun Zhong Yuan Yin Yun and the contemporary or later rhyme documents and present sounds.The thesis consists of five parts.Part One: summaryFrom the late period of Ming Dynasty till the early period of Qing Dynasty, the society was very turbulent, in fields of thoughts and literature, western and Chinese civilization interchanged. Influenced by Natteo Ricci and Trigault, Fang Yizhi received the thoughts of science, he composed Qie Yun Sheng Yuan aiming to study the phonetics from the point of scientific view.Qie Yun Sheng Yuan provides not only a historical data for us to study the language of Ming and Qing Dynasty, but also some enlightening with its means theory and ideas.By comparisons to the contemporary rhyme books and rhyme charts, based on the analysis to its own features, Qie Yun Sheng Yuan may be understood as a Pu Tong Hua phonetic system that keeps at once ancient features and regularly changed features, together with ancient rhyme book and mandarin.Part Two: Initial SystemFirstly, I’ll elaborate on Fang Yizhi’s distinctive opinions about initial problems, then carry out analysis and discussion in detail. For example, the purification of voiced initials and division or incorporation of ZhiZhuangZhang groups; In addition, it reflects some dialectic features, for example: the incorporation of Zhuang and Jings Ni Ri YK Ni LaK Feng and Wei.Part Three: Rhyme SystemFirstly, I’ll elaborate on Fang Yizhi’s opinions about rhyme problems, thencarry out discussion to each rhyme. The rhyme of Qie Yun Sheng Yuan succeeds to Hong Wu Zheng Yun and Zhong Yuan Yin Yun, but it reflects the evolution and changes of the phonetics, for example: the appearance of -i- medialandof ;moreover, it reflects dialectic features----the incorporation ofZhenShenGengZeng. At last, I’ll proceed debates about some problems.Part Four: Tone SystemFive types of tones Yin Yang Shang Qu Ku are being layed out in Qie Yun Sheng Yuan, most Shang tone words of voiced initials still remain Shang tone.Part Five: EndingThis part discusses briefly the nature of Qie Yun Sheng Yuan, and summarizes the study of the thesis.更多还原