【作者】 李秀香；

【导师】 林大津；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 在跨文化交际、翻译和第二语言习得、教学及研究中，人们经常自觉或不自觉地进行语言对比，这不仅能更好地理解掌握第二语言，也有助于进一步理解母语的特点。英汉语中均存在被动这一现象，但总的说来“小同大异”，为了正确理解掌握英汉中的被动，就必须进行系统对比研究。 鉴于各语法学家和语言学家对被动理解不一，本文首先对英汉的被动分别作了明确定义，在此基础上，针对构成、语法语义特点、功能、使用情况、被动化的限制，对比英汉被动的异同。本文还从文化这一角度来探讨英汉被动差异形成的深层原因。最后通过实例说明英汉被动互译技巧，为翻译实践和第二语言教学提供一定的参考与建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The passive, a very cornmon yet complex lingUistic phenomenon, has neverfailed to arouse great interest of either linguists or ordinny speakers. A greatmany grammarians and linguists have attempted to define it and explain itscharacteristics, constraints and usage, but these accouns are often different or’ even conflicting, which are sometimes more confusing and misleading thanhelpful. On the other hand, in translation, the second language leaming orteaching, the two Ianguages (i.e. the first language and the second language ) arealways being compared and contrasted either consciously or unconsciously. Tniscan leads to a better understanding of not only the new language, but also of thenative language, and then to a better use of both twO languages. TherefOre, toensure proper understanding and use of English and Chinese passive, it isimportant to make a comparison and contrast betWeen them, and find out their -differences and similarities, but most of the research having been made into thisso far is fragmental and unsystematic. -It is these tWo above-meniioned reasons that prompt the preseni study ofEnglish and Chinese passive. But due to limited space, this paPer will dealmainly with passive sentences, and make a comparison and contrast of Englishpassive sentences and Chinese marked passive sentences (or more commonlynamed as Bei-sentences).This paPer consists of six chaPters and a conclusion.Chapter One is devoted to the definition of the passive in English andChinesc. It first provides a list of definitions of the passive given bygrammarians and linguists home and abroad. These definitions differ greatly, assome fOcus on the fOrm, others on the meaning, some on the sentences, and stillsome others on the predicate verbs of sentences. These definitions rough1y fa1l -into three categories -- fOrmal, notional and comprehensive.(l ) The formal definition asserts that a passive sentence is one possessinga distinct featllre in fOrm. TO be more exact, an English passive sentence is one -whose predicates contains a fOrm of the auxiliary BE (or GET) foIlowed by the--cd participle of the main verbs, and a Chinese passive sentence is one which hasa marker like "&", "%,’, "09" or the like before the predicatC verb. But this6definition fails to exclude some sentences which meet this formal requirementbut are universally agreed as non-passives, thus it is inadequate andunacceptable.. (2 ) The notional definition is based on the semantic role of the subject, i.e.the subject is the "patiellt", ’’undergoer", or "sufferer’ of the action expressed bythe predicate verb. This poses big problems in English. Firstly, passive meaning- can be expressed by various kinds of sentences, most of which are definitely notpassive at all. Secondly, on some occasions the agents of the actions are butdimIy thought of , and the passive sentences are interchangeable with thecorresponding active ones. Thus this notional definition is inapplicable inEnglish.However, this definition holds in Chinese. Being an analytic language,Chinese has various ways of expressing passive meaning, and the overwhelmingmajority of these sentences contain no marker as "&", "t%,’, "0g" or "i1", i.e.there is no compulsory requirement in formal structure of Chinese passivesentences. In fact, there are two main kinds of Chinese passive sentences -marked and unmarked, and it is the latter that will be discussed in this paPeL. (3 ) The comprehensive definition takes into account both the formal andthe semantic factors. This is the best definition available fOr English passive. It- claims that an English passive sentence should meet certain structUralrequirements, i.e. the predicate should coniain be nd structure, and at the same- time, the subject should be able to assume the semantic role of "patient".Chapter Two is devoted to the stmctUral and semantic features of Englishand Chinese passive. Most English passive sent更多还原