【作者】 宋稳成；

【导师】 杨仁斌； 郭正元；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文测定了25％二氯喹啉酸悬浮液对浮萍和湘云鲫的急性毒性，研究了二氯喹啉酸对浮萍叶绿素a含量和湘云鲫鳃、肝脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase和Mg²⁺-ATPase活性的影响，并对二氯喹啉酸抑制ATPase活性的可能机理进行了探讨。在此基础上，本试验以高压汞灯为光源，研究了二氯喹啉酸在不同pH值，添加光氧化剂H₂O₂和光敏剂丙酮的溶液中以及不同类型的水中的光降解，主要研究结果如下： 在光照培养下，二氯喹啉酸对浮萍的96小时IC₅₀为20.6mg／L；在水温为23±1℃时，二氯喹啉酸对湘云鲫的96小时LC₅₀为149.1mg／L。二氯喹啉酸对浮萍和湘云鲫属低等毒性农药。 二氯喹啉酸对浮萍叶绿素a含量的影响随着二氯喹啉酸浓度的增加而加强，当浓度为10mg／L时，对浮萍叶绿素a的影响不明显，浓度为12.6mg／L时，即有显著影响。 湘云鲫鳃、肝脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase和Mg²⁺-ATPase两种酶的活性随二氯喹啉酸浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而降低，并且呈显著的浓度—时间—效应关系。在不同浓度同一时间处理中，浓度为18.6mg／l时即对鳃Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase有显著抑制作用，对鳃Mg²⁺-ATPase、肝脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase和Mg²⁺-ATPase均有极显著抑制作用。在浓度为74.6mg／L不同时间处理中，处理8小时，二氯喹啉酸即对湘云鲫鳃、肝脏Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase有极显著抑制作用，对Mg²⁺-ATPase有显著作用。 在高压汞灯下，水溶液中二氯喹啉酸的降解遵循一级动力学规律，且溶液pH值对其光解影响显著，当5≤pH≤8时，光解速率随pH值增加而增大。H₂O₂和丙酮的加入可加快二氯喹啉酸的光解进程。二氯喹啉酸在不同类型水中，光解速度顺序为：河水＞井水＞纯水＞池塘水＞稻田水。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, the acute toxicities of 25%EC quinclorac to duckweed and xiangyunji were detected. The effects of quinclorac on the content of chlorophyll a in duckweed, and the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase, Mg"+-ATPase in xiangyunji gill and liver were studied, meanwhile the possible inhibition mechanisms of ATPase by quinclorac were discussed. Based on these results, the thesis also studied quinclorac photodegraded, under the illumination of high press mercury lamp, in different pH values, added H2O2 and acetone aqueous solutions, as well as in different types of water. The mainly results were summarized as followsUnder the condition of illumination cultivation, the 96 hours of IC.so of 25%EC quinclorac to duckweed was 20.6mg/L. At the water temperature of 23 + 1癈, the 96 hours of LCfo of 25%EC quinclorac to xiangyunji was 149.1mg/L, Revealed that the toxicity of 25%EC quinclorac is low to duckweed and xiangyunji.The effects of quinclorac on chlorophyll a content in duckweed strengthed as the concentration of quinclorac increased. The influence was slight at the concentration 1 Omg/L, and evident at 12.6mg/L.The activities of Na+-K"-ATPase and Mg2^-ATPase in xiangyunji gill and liver decreased obviously with treated concentrations increased and time lengthened, showed a striking dose-time-response relationship. In the treatments that are treated with the same time but different concentrations, when the concentration was 18.6mg/L, the effects of quinclorac on Na+-KT-ATPase in gill was notable, and the effects of quinclorac on Mg2+-ATPase in gill, Na+-K7-ATPase as well as Mg2+-ATPase in liver was very remarkable. In the treatments treated with the same concentration but different time, when treated with 74.6mg/L and 8 hours, the effects of quinclorac on Na+-K7-ATPase in gill and liver were very remarkable, and on Mg~~-ATPase were notable.Under the illumination of high pressure mercury lamp, quinclorac photodegrades following a pseudo-first-order kinetics in aqueous solution, the pH of the reaction buffers was shown much effect on the photolysis of quinclorac, when 5<pH<8, the photolytic rate increased as the pH increased. The presence of hydrogen peroxide and acetone accelerated the photoreactions of quinclorac. The photolytic rates of quinclorac in different types of water were in the order of river water > well water >pure water> pond water > paddy water.更多还原