【作者】 刘现鹏；

【导师】 田纪春；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 植物学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文主要研究了小麦胚乳蛋白组分从灌浆至成熟期的积累规律及其生理生化基础；对氮、硫代谢的调节和协调及其对麦胚乳蛋白的积累和粒度分布的影响作了初步研究；讨论了一些和籽粒蛋白有关的品质指标在品质育种中的应用；调查了山东省栽培小麦品质的历史变迁、改良状况及存在问题，并有针对性地提出了一些建议。主要结果如下： 1．HMW-GS与小麦品质的关系 与其它籽粒蛋白组分相比，HMW-GS对小麦加工品质的影响最大。通过大样本的普通统计分析和矮孟牛HMW-GS近等基因系的研究，对部分HMW-GS在亚基评分系统中进行了定位，结果表明，1Bx14+1By15亚基对应属于“优质”亚基范畴；证实了1Bx7+1By9亚基对和1Dx4+1Dy12亚基对的评分应该更高一些。 山东省小麦品种(系)HMW-GS组成以1Anull或1Al，1Bx7+1By9或1Bx7+1By8，1Dx2+1Dy12为主，含优质亚基IDx5+IDy10的材料相对较少，不过近年来，随着对品质育种的重视，越来越多的育种工作者致力于通过转基因或常规杂交将之引入到了普通小麦中，因此与往年相比，其比例正逐渐提高。我国“特有”优质亚基1Bx14+1By15在研究材料中占有相当的比例。研究过程中还发现了一些较为罕见的亚基和亚基组合。 2．灌浆至成熟期小麦籽粒蛋白组分的积累规律 清蛋白和球蛋白在灌浆初期即快速积累，之后其在籽粒中的含量逐渐下降，成熟期又略有上升。醇溶蛋白在花后16天左右大量积累，之后其含量呈逐渐下降趋势。HMW-GS在花后20-24天左右开始持续快速积累，这和GMP含量的动态变化趋势是一致的。GMP积累量在成熟期达到高峰，且GMP的动态变化与其占籽粒蛋白比率的动态变化趋势一致，即GMP的绝对含量同时反映了其在籽粒蛋白中的分布状况。籽粒总蛋白的积累量在花后15天左右出现一个低谷，在之前和之后皆有一个高峰，前一个积累高峰主要有清蛋白、球蛋白和部分醇溶蛋白(可能还有部分LMW-GS)的快速积累造成的，而后一个高峰主要是由HMW-GS、LMW-GS和部分醇溶蛋白的积累造成的。 3．氮、硫代谢对小麦胚乳蛋白组分的影响 NRA的变化主要影响到了籽粒蛋白总量的积累。ATPSase和OASSase主要影响富硫蛋白组分(如醇溶蛋白和LMW-GS)的积累，对相对贫硫的蛋白组分HMW-GS的积累也有一定影响。上述结果表明，NRase对籽粒蛋白“量”的影响较大，而硫代谢过程中的OASSase和ATPSase对籽粒蛋白“质”的影响较大。 氮、硫肥处理的盆栽试验表明，OAS和硫代谢产生的某个(些)代谢物很可能是OASSase的激活物。另外，氮、硫代谢之间可能存在着一个协调作用。 4．部分品质指标的配合力分析及其在小麦品质育种中的潜在利用价值 通过3×3不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ设计)，分析了部分品质指标的配合力，结果表明，Zeleny沉降值以显性效应为主；GMP受显性和加性效应的共同影响，且加性效应更大一些；硬度指数亦受显性和加性效应的共同影响，但显性效应大一些，且受环境2 刘现鹏：麦胚乳蛋白与小麦品质的关系影响较大。以上三个指标在品质育种中都有较大的利用价值。GMP比籽粒蛋白总量更能反映小麦的加工品质，Zeleny沉降值和硬度指数都是全面衡量小麦品质的指标，但Zeleny沉降值似乎更侧重于反映小麦粉的面筋质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, mainly studied the accumulation of protein fragments of the kernel of wheat from filling stage to mature stage as well as its physiological and biochemical basis; preliminarily researched the regulation and coordination of nitrogen and sulfur assimilation as well as its effects on the accumulation and molecular distribution of the protein of kernel of the winter wheat; discussed the role of some indexes related to the protein of wheat kernel and their application in the quality breeding; investigated the historical change of the quality of the varieties cultivated in Shandong province, status quo of quality-improving and the problems existed in the process of improving quality, subsequently, some suggestions were presented. The main results were as follows:1. The relationship between HMW-GS and the quality of wheatContrasted to other fragments of the kernel protein, HMW-GS have the major effects on the processing properties of wheat. Though the ordinary statistical analysis of lots of samples and the research of near-isogenic lines of HMW-GS, assessed some HMW-GS by subunit core system. As the result showed, subunits 18x14+1 By 15 belong to the "good subunits", furthermore, verified the scores of !Bx7+lBy9 and !Dx4+lDyl2 were higher than that derived from the data of some other researchers.The HMW-GS combination of varieties cultivated in Shandong province were mainly lAnull or 1A1, !Bx7+lBy9 or !Bx7+lBy8, !Dx2+lDyl2. Varieties contained !Dx5+lDylO were relatively less than that contained other subunits, however, because of the caring of the quality of wheat, the subunits IDxS+lDylO were introduced into common wheat through gene transferring and ordinary crossing by more and more breeding researchers, therefore, contrasted to the past, its ratio were rising gradually. In the varieties researched, many of them contained "special subunits" of china ?!Bxl4+lByl5. During the research, also found some rare subunit(s) and subunit combination.2. Accumulation of protein fragments in developing grains of wheatAt the beginning of filling stage, albumins and globulins accumulated quickly, thereafter, its contents descended gradually till mature stage, at mature stage, its content ascended slightly. HMW-GS began accumulated quickly and steadily between 20-24th day after anthesis, which were in concert with the dynamic change of GMP content. GMPcontent accumulated to the peak at mature stage, furthermore, the dynamic change of GMP content and its ratio to the protein of kernel were similar, that was to say, the absolute content of GMP in the same time reflected its distribution in the protein of kernel. At the fifteenth day after anthesis, there was a trough of the accumulation of kernel protein, before and after which, there was respectively a accumulation peak, the former mainly came from the quick accumulation of albumins > globulins and part glidian (probably part LMW-GS), while the later arose from the accumulation of HMW-GS -LMW-GS and part glidian.3. Effects of nitrogen and sulfur assimilation on the protein fragments of wheat kernelThe change of NRA mainly affected the accumulation of protein of kernel., that of ATPSA and OASSA mainly affected the accumulation of the protein fragments rich in sulfur. The results showed, NRase play an important role in the quantity of protein of kernel, while OASSase and ATPSase take some effects on the quality of protein of kernel.As the results of pot trial with nitrogen and sulfur treated showed, OAS and some metabolize substance might played the role as the activation of OASSase. Furthermore, there probably existed a coordination role between the nitrogen assimilation and sulfur assimilation.4. Analysis of combining ability of some quality indexes and its latent value inquality breeding of wheatThe combing ability of some quality indexes derived from a 3 X 3 incomplete diallel cross involve 6 winter wheat varieties were studied. As the result showed, Zeleny sedimentation value was mainly controlled by the domi更多还原