【作者】 王慧；

【导师】 曹晓明；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 材料科学与工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 钢铁腐蚀造成巨大的经济损失，热镀锌作为最基本的防护手段之一，对减少这种损失发挥着重要作用。 在热镀锌工业中，镀锌锅的加热问题一直没能很好地解决，由此产生的高能耗、高锌耗、器件寿命短、环境污染重、劳动环境差等问题严重阻碍着热镀锌工业的发展，而解决上述问题的途径之一是陶瓷锌锅内加热技术。 耐液态锌腐蚀外套管材料是陶瓷锌锅内加热技术的关键因素，目前因为还没有这方面较理想的材料，因而内加热技术的应用推广受到了极大的限制。所以本文对此种材料的研制进行了全面、深入的研究，并最终筛选出较为理想的耐液锌腐蚀材料。 本文首先研究了液锌对钢铁材料的腐蚀机理，并在此理论基础和前人研究的基础上进行了耐液锌腐蚀材料的选择，最终确定以Fe-B-(Mo,W,Cr)材料为基础的耐锌蚀材料的研制。 然后分别重点研究了耐液锌腐蚀材料的粉末冶金制备方法和在锌液中的腐蚀实验结果及机理。 在耐液锌腐蚀材料的粉末冶金法的制备过程中，着重研究了粉末冶金的关键环节----粉末烧结及其工艺，经大量实验，最终总结出制备耐液锌腐蚀材料的烧结工艺、烧结过程和影响因素，指出所研制的耐锌蚀材料为典型的反应液相烧结，烧结温度、保温时间、升温速度、添加元素均为烧结的影响因素。合理的烧结工艺、适量的添加元素能够制备出致密性较高的烧结试件。 从所研制试样的耐锌液腐蚀实验中，最终筛选出在锌液中的耐液锌腐蚀性较好，使用性能更优的Fe-7B-30Mo，Fe-7B-13Mo-6Cr两种耐液锌腐蚀材料，根据其腐蚀实验结果计算其在锌液中的腐蚀寿命可达2.5～5年，远远高于渗硼材料、无机非金属材料及其它铁基合金仅为几个月的腐蚀寿命，和目前工业所应用的钨钼合金的耐蚀寿命相当，但原料成本较钨钼合金每支管可降低6000多元钱，使用温度可提高到800度，因而从经济上、使用性能上考虑，更能满足我国大多数工矿企业的需要，使用前景广阔。更多还原

【Abstract】 Giant expense may be resulted from the corrosion of iron and steels. Hot-dip galvanizing, as one of the basic protective means, is playing an important role in reducing this kind of loss.The heating problem for zinc coating pot has never been satisfactorily solved in the hot-dip galvanizing industry, which produces such serious problems as high consumption of energy and Zinc, short life of devices, environment pollution, bad working conditions, etc., thus greatly hampering the development of hot-dip galvanizing industry. The immersion heating technique with the zinc holding ceramic pot is one of the ways to solve the difficult above-mentioned problems.But the material of outer cannula with resistance to zinc corrosion is the key factor of this technique. And the application and generalization of the immersion heating technique has been restricted greatly due to the lack of this ideal material presently. Hence, this thesis studies this kind of material thoroughly and deeply and at length has developed the ideal materials with corrosion resistance to liquid zinc.Firstly, the corrosion mechanism of zinc liquid to steel materials is studied, then the materials with corrosion resistance to zinc are selected on the basis of theory and former studies, and defines Fe-B-(Mo,W,Cr) as the studied materials with corrosion resistance to zinc in the endSecondly, this thesis pays much attention on the preparing method of powder metallurgy and its capability of resisting the corrosion of zinc liquid.During preparing the materials by the method of powder metallurgy, sintering technics, the key process, is studied deeply. After a great deal of experiments, the sintering technics, sintering course and influencing factors of preparing the materials with corrosion resistance to zinc are summed up. This paper points out that the studied materials are sintered in a way of reactive liquid phase sintering and in which the influencing factors contain sintering temperature, sintering time, heating rapidity and added elements. The dense sintered specimen can be prepared by reasonable sintering technic and rational added elements.After many experiments of corrosion resistance to zinc liquid, the results show that the service lives of Fe-7B-30Mo and Fe-7B-13Mo-6Cr alloys with sound properties of corrosion resistance to zinc and application can reach 2.5 ~ 5 years in zinc liquid, which is much higher than that of boronized materials, inorganic nonmetallic materials and iron base materials which can only be used several months. The cost of each pipe can decrease by more than 6000 yuans, the applied temperature can increase by 800癈 compared to W-Mo alloy although their lives of corrosion are equivalent. Therefore, the studied alloys can meet the necessities of most factories due to its lower cost and super properties. Then they are of extensive applicable prospect.更多还原