【作者】 王春梅；

【导师】 汪培山；

【作者基本信息】 天津医科大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 人口老龄化是当今很多国家面临的突出问题，满足老年人生理、心理和社会各方面需求，提高老年人生活质量已成为当今社会个领域研究的重要问题。中国目前是世界上实际老年人口最多的国家，也是人口老化速度最快的国家之一。我国面临亿万老年人口的生存和发展问题，老龄问题成为医学、人口学、社会学等领域研究的重要课题。然而，有关社区老年人护理需求和生活质量的综合性研究鲜有报道。本研究试图运用客观的方法、准确地评价和反映我国老年人口的护理需求及生活质量，并运用其结果指导社区卫生服务工作。 方法 本研究采用横断面调查方法，使用自行编制的天津市老年人护理需求调查表和美国波士顿健康研究所的简明健康调查问卷(SF-36)中文版，对天津市和平区新兴街社区居民中60岁以上老年人进行调查，调查内容包括老年人口学特征、老年人护理需求和生活质量三部分。将所有数据进行整理，将所得有效数据应用SPSS FOR WINDOWS 10.0统计软件包进行统计描述、影响因素的分析用Logisic回归分析和逐步回归分析。 结果 1．老年人口学特征本研究中，①65岁以上老年人占该社区总人口的7.77％，该社区属于老龄社区；其中65-75岁老年人占本次调查总人数的一半以上；②该社区中男性老年人与女性老年人之比为1：1.11；③该社区中有97.52％的老年人为汉族；④丧偶老年人口数占调查对象总人数的22.48％；⑤具有初中及以下文化水平的老年人占调查对象总数的71.81％。 2老年人患病情况与医疗费用支付方式 调查对象中，①73．4％的老年人患有各种不同程度的慢性疾病；②患病率高、排在前3位的疾病是：心脏病、高血压和糖尿病；③33．go／o的老年人患有2种及以上的疾病；④一半以上老年人的医疗费用完全由个人承担。 3护理需求现状及影响因素 调查对象中，①141％的老年人日常生活部分或完全需要他人照顾；②相关健康知识需求率为59，8％：③目前急需社区护理服务的老年人占Zo．6％；④影响老年人护理需求的主要因素为住房条件、疾病困扰和自理能力。 4生活质量现状及影响因素 本研究中，①老年人的生活质量受年龄和自理能力的影响，差别具有统计学显著性；②随着年龄的增长，老年人的生活质量得分下降；③老年人自理能力较强，生活质量得分较高。结论 天津市和平区新兴街社区中实际居住老年人口数目较多，属老龄祉区，老年人生活质量得分较高。老年人D护理需求量较大，但社区卫生服务宣传力度不大，现有社区卫生服务人员不能满足目前老年人的护理实际需求。在对结果进行分析和讨论的基础上，作者从社区护理工作方面提出了相应的建议和对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 Candidate Student: Chumnei Wang Supervisor: Prof. Peishan Wang Prof. Chunyan LiuProblem and objectives:Many countries are facing to the problems of people being elderly. In recently years, it becomes the key issues to satisfy the elder’s needs in physiology, psychology and social aspects, promote the quality of life for elders in many domains. China is the country of the largest numbers of elders on the world and one of the countries that the number of elders increases fastest. China is facing to issues of developing for the thousand millions of elders. Now, there are few reports about the needs and quality of life for elders in the community of city. This study is aiming to evaluate the needs and quality of life for elders in the community by using the objective methods and to give the directions to the community health services.Methods:This study is cross-sectional study. Using an elderly survey instrument, including a questionnaire (short-form 36) developed by the investigator. Surveying the person being over 60 years old and living in the community of Xinxing, Heping district, Tianjin. A multistage analysis was employed to detect differences in proportions, means and the Logistic regression analysis were run for predicting effects of nursing needs and quality of life for elders.Results:1. ㊣t is 7.77 percent elders over 65 years old and half of them are 65-75 years old; (2)The ratio of male to female is 1:1.11; (3)97.52 percent elders were the Han nationality; (4)22.48 percent elders bereft theirs spouse; ?1.81 percent elders were educated in middle schools and even lower.-3-2. ?3.4 percent elders suffer from chronic diseases; (2) Cardiopathy, hypertension and diabetes are the first three diseases suffered by the elders; (3)33.9percent elders suffer from at least two chronic diseases; 〩alf of the elders were assumed medical fees by themselves.3. ?4.1 percent elders need the others help on daily life; (2) 59.8 percent elders need knowledge about health; (3)20.6 percent elders need community health nursing immediately; ㏕he main effects of influencing the elders nursing needs are living conditions, diseases and self-care abilities.4. 〢ge and self-care ability are the effects that influence the quality of life of elders, the different is significant; ㏕he marks of quality of life of elders decreased by the aging; ㏕he more strong of the elders caring themselves, the more high of the marks of quality of life they have.Implications:The number of elders in the community of Xinxing, Heping district, Tianjin is high. It is an old community. The nursing needs of elders are high. But the servers of this community do not meet the elders’ needs. The author suggest that the community health givers should develop and satisfy the needs of elders by evaluating their needs and quality of life regularly, planning the measurements and apply nursing interventions according the evaluating.更多还原