节点文献
组织工程和再生医学中脱细胞生物基质的制备及其生物相容性研究
Preparation of the Acellular Matrix in the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine and Study of Biocompatibility
【作者】 郑建明;
【导师】 顾汉卿;
【作者基本信息】 天津医科大学 , 泌尿外科学, 2002, 硕士
【摘要】 组织工程和再生医学是人类治疗组织、器官功能衰退、缺失的两项最新技术,它们与传统的治疗技术相比有无与伦比的优点。 这两项技术的基础就是要有适宜的细胞支架,一种材料作为支架必须具有以下条件:生物相容性、表面相容性、结构相容性、生物降解性和可灭菌性。过去所用的支架一般为合成支架,它的优点是人们可以随心所欲地控制支架的形态、尺寸、强度、降解时间、降解速度及三维结构,并可成批生产,但也带来了诸如:生物不相容性,感染问题等,而且合成支架在表面相容性和结构相容性上有诸多不尽如人意之处。 随着人们对生物体细胞外基质认识的深入,明确了它是由不同含量的糖蛋白以及糖胺聚糖组成的按一定比例和结构建成的复杂的有机的统一整体。它的各组成成份,分别诱导分化组织、器官内的不同细胞,通过调节各细胞的生长、分化进而调整组织、器官功能。所以组织工程和再生医学的最佳支架应该是这种天然的细胞外基质,但就目前的技术水平来看,人们根本没有能力真正模拟出完全具备细胞外基质结构和功能的支架。这使研究者在制备细胞支架时把目光投向生物体本身组织器官的细胞骨架上。研究表明同种异体的同一组织之间其细胞外基质的构成成份和结构是相同的,某些不同种群之间,如:猪与人的某些组织的细胞外基质也是很相近的。经过多年努力,这种天然细胞支架在泌尿系统、皮肤、骨科等中取得了广泛应用,就泌尿外科而言,研究泌尿系统组织的再生不能不研究支架材料。 当然,这种天然细胞外基质的制备也存在一定问题,现应用的绝大部分是由异体同器官制备的,这就决定了其来源相对较少,不易大批量生产;目前脱细胞技术还没有完全成熟,对整个器官多细胞的脱除更不尽人意;同时脱细胞过程对组织器官支架有一定破坏,因此,制备多细胞使用的天然细胞外生物基质成为细胞生物基质研究的重要方向。 要解决天然细胞外基质来源问题的可能途径是制备可以异种跨器官 移植的脱细胞基质,其中选择猪真皮的脱细胞基质为较为合理的选择。 制备脱细胞基质的基础技术主要包括:脱细胞技术,去除细胞碎片 技术和提高强度调控降解速度技术三部分,文献中介绍的脱细胞技术主 要有胰酶脱细胞法,Dispase脱细胞法,高渗盐水脱细胞法。究竟哪一种 更适合用于脱细胞生物基质的制备说法不一。在去除细胞碎片方面,文 献中介绍以用 曲拉通(Triton X-100)和十二烷基磺酸钠 (Sodiumdodecylsulphate,SDS)为多,对于这两种洗涤剂的选择也有不 同看法。提高强度和调控降解速度的研究刚刚起步,存在问题较多。本 课题基本围绕脱细胞生物基质制备的三部分技术进行研究,以选出最佳 方法。并应用免疫组化的方法检测脱细胞后基质的主要异种抗原,用种 植实验观察异种机体对脱细胞生物基质的组织反应倩况,另在其上种植 鼠成纤维细胞以观察脱细胞生物基质的细胞毒性和细胞相容问题。我们 的目标是掌握脱细胞生物基质的制备方法及初步了解脱细胞生物基质的 异种跨器官移植的可行性。 本研究通过对0.25%胰酶不同脱细胞时间处理、不同浓度胰酶处理、 Dispase脱细胞法、IM、ZM高渗盐水脱细胞法、高渗盐水和胰酶或Dispase 混合脱细胞法的比较确认采用0.12盼胰酶,4℃,24 4。时可脱尽猪真皮 内细胞:胰酶脱细胞法和 Di SpdSO脱细胞法在病理切片卜无显著性差异, 而单纯的高渗盐水脱细胞方法的可行性值得商榷,至于高渗盐水和胰酶 或Dispase混合脱细胞法,它与单纯的胰酶或Dispase脱细胞法无显著 性差异。 实验对脱细胞后基质中细胞碎片的清除进行了比较研究选用了0.5% Triton X-100和 0.5%SDS,对比研究后发现,用 0.5%Triton X-100 及其与 0.5%SDS的 1:1.25、l:1、l:0.75、l:0.5、l:0.25、1:0.125 混合液洗涤,按本实验方法效果不佳,而0.5% SDS振荡洗涤3小时可较 好地清除细胞碎片。但是,经这样洗涤清除细胞碎片后基质的物理性能 与洗涤前相比显著降低。 2 研究中发现真皮基质经脱细胞后其胶原结构崩解,为防止胶原结构崩解对基质进行脱细胞前用戊二醛固定。实验发现4%戊二醛对基质交联固定后,若交联时间短,则与不交联组无差异,时间稍长,则胰酶无法脱除细胞。为了提高脱细胞后基质的强度和调控基质体内降解速率,实验选择了戊二醛对脱细胞生物基质交联固定,结果显示戊二醛可以大大提高经SDS洗涤后脱细胞基质的物理性能。 a-半乳糖残基是猪到人的主要异种抗原,会导致超急性免疫排斥,要实现
【Abstract】 Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are the advanced technologies for treating the failure of tissues and organs. They are better than the traditional therapy.The basis of these technologies is cellular matrix. It must have biocompatibility, surface compatibility, structure compatibility. biodegradation,and it also can be sterilized.Because people can control the synthetic matrix appearance, dimension, intensity degradation rate and three dimensional,they used to use it.But it also brings biocompatibility and infection .Following the development of the study in extracellular matrix (ECM), people find that the ECM is composed of glucoprotein and glycosaminoglycans, and it’s components induct the cell differentiation in tissues and organs, in turn, it can modulate the function of these. People find that ECM is the best matrix in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.but people can’t produce the matrix which is same as ECM.Now people find that the components and structures of ECM in homologuous tissues and organs are identifiable,even in the heterogenous ones.And this kind of ECM are used extensively in the fields for example the skin,urology orthopaedics etc.This kind of ECM can be got fran decellizing the tissues and organs, it also called acellular matrix. But the decellation techulogy is incompleted now. It can’t get rid of all cells in tissues and organs some times, and decellation maybe do harm to matrix.The preparation of acellular matrix includes decella-tion, technology which is used to remore cell debris and enhance theintensity of matrix. Trypsin, Dispase or hypertonic saline is used in decelliztion. Triton X-100 and Sodiumdodecylsulphate (SDS) are effective detergent in removing cell debris, but it is unknom that which of these is more effective. The study of enhancing the intensity of matrix is the new field. In one word, the methods for producing acellulace matrix have not been standardized.In this study, we want to select the best way to produce acellular matrix. We also use immunohistochemical method for detecting the magor heterogenetic antigen a -galactosyl residues( a -Gal) in acellular matrix.We treat the porcine skin by 0.25 percent trypsin, 0.125% trypsin, 2.5 U/ml Dispase,hypertonic saline or hypertonic saline-trypsin/Dispase.We find that after the skin has been incubated in 0.125 percent trypsin for 24h at 4癈,The cells in the skin are all disintegrated .there are no significant differentiation between the acellular matrix treated by 0.125, 0.25 perlent trypsin,2.5 U/ml Dispase and hypertonic saline-trypsin/Dispase.But the cell can’t be removed by using the hypertonic saline-SDS .Subsequently the acellular matrix is incubated in 0.5 percent SDS for 3h at room temperature with contiuous shaking. The cell debris are removed completely by this way, but the intensity of matrix will be decreased significantly. The cell debris can’t be removed by using 0.5 percent Triton X-100 or the solution which is mixed by 0.5 percent Triton X-100 and 0.5 percent SDS at the ratio of 1:1.25, 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5, 1:0.25, 1:0.125.Glutaraldehyde can increased the intensity of acellular matrix significantly. If the skin has been put into 4 percent glutaraldehydefor three minutes or more. We are no longer able to get rid of the cells in it.The a -Gal in porcine skin as disapered in acellular matrix treated by trypsin,Dispase and SDS.The acellular matrix treated by SDS or glutaraldehyde should be cleaned by normal saline, or there will be cytotoxicity in it. The results of cell culture and implantation experiment demonstrate the high degree of cytocompatibibity and biocompatibility of this kind of acelluler matrix.
【Key words】 cell matrix; acellular matrix; trypsin; Dispase; SDS; hypertonic saline; glutaraldehyde cross-linking; biocompatibility; matrix implantation experiment in vivo;
- 【网络出版投稿人】 天津医科大学 【网络出版年期】2002年 02期
- 【分类号】R329.28
- 【被引频次】2
- 【下载频次】512