抱茎獐牙菜的化学成分研究

【作者】 王杨；

【导师】 周丹红；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 有机化学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来肝炎的发病率不断提高，迫切需要找到更多更好的新药来防治和治疗它。龙胆科獐牙菜属的多种植物为民间常用的治疗肝胆系统疾病的草药。本文除简述前人对该属植物的化学成分和药理研究的概况外，着重报告我们对抱茎獐牙菜的化学成分研究结果。抱茎獐牙菜（Swertia franchetiana H. Smith）系龙胆科獐牙菜属植物，具有性凉味苦，清热解毒，利胆退黄之功效。前人研究较少。本研究共分离得到12个化合物，其中2个为首次从该植物中得到，即1-羟基-2，3，4，5-四甲氧基口山 酮（１-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone, Ⅹ）和β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol，Ⅸ）。其它10个成分中，8个为已知化合物，即1，8-二羟基-3，7-二甲氧基口山 酮（methylswertianin,Ⅰ）,1-羟基-3，7，8-三甲氧基口山 酮（decussatin, Ⅱ），1-羟基-3，5-二甲氧基口山 酮（1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone, Ⅲ），1，5，8-三羟基-3-甲氧基口山 酮（bellidifolin, Ⅳ），当药醇甙（swertianolin, Ⅴ）,当药黄素（swertisin, Ⅵ），1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-3，5-二甲氧基口山 酮（1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone, Ⅶ），齐墩果酸（oleanolic acid,Ⅷ）。另外2个为部分结构待定的长链饱和脂肪酸酯类化合物（Ⅺ，Ⅻ）。对于化合物Ⅹ本论文系首次利用各种波谱学方法，尤其是二维核磁技术证明其机构的，并首次利用二维核磁技术对其1HNMR，13CNMR进行全归属。本论文首次对抱茎獐牙菜的挥发油成分进行了研究，通过GC和GC-MS等技术从中鉴定了长链烷烃、脂肪酸等13种化学成分。另外，本研究将现代仪器分析手段和经典的提取分离方法相结合，以HPLC分析来指导我们的提取分离工作，取得了良好的效果。最后，鉴于该属植物中的主要成分口山 酮类化合物在结构鉴定中遇到的种种困难，本论文结合实验工作和文献参考，归纳了口山 酮类化合物的波谱学特征，供今后研究参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently more and more people are infected with hepatitis. It is urgent to find out some new medicines for the treatment of hepatitis. Many species of genus Swertia L. (fam: Gentianaceae) have been used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatic, choleric diseases. Besides simply reviewing the investigation of chemical constituents and their biological activities of Swertia L., we mainly introduce the chemical constituents research of Swertia franchetiana H. Smith (Gentianaceae).This plant is found extensive usage in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, cholecystitis and dysentery as febrifuges and bitter tonics. However, little research has been carried out on this plant. From this plant twelve compounds were obtained by us, including two compounds first found in this plant — 1-hydroxy-2, 3, 4, 5-tetramethoxyxanthone (Ⅹ) andβ-sitosterol (Ⅸ). Among the other ten compounds, included eight known ones—methylswertianin (Ⅰ), decussatin (Ⅱ), 1-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅲ), bellidifolin (Ⅳ), swertianolin (Ⅴ), swertisin (Ⅵ), 1-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)- β-D-glucopyranosyl]-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone (Ⅶ), oleanolic acid (Ⅷ) and the other two compounds which have not been confirmed completely (Ⅺ,Ⅻ).The structure of Compound Ⅹ was elucidated based on various spectral methods, especially 2D-NMR. The spectra of 1HNMR and 13CNMR were assigned wholly by means of 2D-NMR for the first time.It is also the first time that we report the constituents of volatile oil of Swertia franchetiana H. Smith by techniques of GC-MS. And thirteen constituents have been identified out.Additionally, we applied HPLC to our research. Thereby, we combined the analytical methods nowadays with classical extraction, and obtained good results.Finally, considering that there are various of difficulties in identifying the structure of the xanthones, the author summarized the spectral characteristics of xanthones based on our research work and some relevant references.更多还原