【作者】 黄金海；

【导师】 蒙绍荣；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 中印科技发展比较研究既有很强的学术价值，也具有重要的现实意义。但目前国内学术界对此研究甚少，几近空白。本文从历史发展角度，探讨中印科技发展的内外部因素及其关联性。 本文把中印两国科技发展史分为古代、近代和现代三个阶段，根据不同的发展阶段，以对影响科技发展的具有代表性的内外部因素作为研究对象，对比分析各自的长短处，探寻两国发展科学技术的经验与教训。 古代部分，以对中印两国科技成就的简要介绍为基础，着重分析社会背景和文化背景两方面的差异给科技发展带来的影响。其中，社会背景方面对社会制度、政治体制和国家发展状况三个因素加以对比研究，深入探讨了种姓制与科举制、政教合一与中央集权以及国家兴衰对两国科技发展的影响；文化背景方面，主要研究宗教背景和哲学背景方面的差异与各自科技发展的内在联系。 近代部分，主要分析外来因素和国内因素的改变带来的影响。外来因素主要来自于西方发达国家，亦即西方先进科学技术、科技组织形式和科技观念，以及其日益膨胀的殖民主义、帝国主义所引发的大规模战争对中印两国科技发展带来的影响与后果；国内的变化因素着重于民族资产阶级和其他的开明人士对科技进步的推动作用，他们认识到本国科技落后所带来的劣势，采用各种方法手段引进国外先进科技，启迪国人的科技意识，为本国科技事业作出了重要贡献。 现代部分，分别从宏观和微观层次对比研究两国科技现代化进程。宏观上，重点关注中印两国科技体制、科技政策以及国际交流与合作三方面的差异及其带来的正负面影响；微观层面，则以软件业的发展为重点剖析对象，深入分析两国软件业在人才、软件技术园、知识产权保护和政策等四个方面的某些异同，并为今后中国软件业的调整与发展提供对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese-Indian comparative research on the development of science and technology has great academic significance as well as important practical meaning. Nowadays there is, however, little research in such aspect in domestic academic circle. In a view of development, this thesis analyses the interior and exterior factors as well as the relation between Chinese and Indian science technology development.In the paper the history of Chinese and Indian technological development has been respectively divided into 3 stages: ancient history, modem history and contemporary history. In different stage, researching those typical interior and exterior factors influencing science technology development, the author make a comparative analysis respectively their superiority and inferiority so as to grope for the experience and lessons of these two countries in developing technology and science.As for ancient stage, based on a brief introduction on science and technology achievements of both China and India, the author analyse with emphasis the discrepancy in social and cultural background which affect the development of science and technology. In the aspect of social background, a comparative research is made on social system, political structure and national development so as to research the effects on these two countries’ science and technology development resulting from caste and imperial examination, the combination of religion and politics and centralization of authority as well as the rise and fall of a nation ; in the aspect of cultural background ,the research focuses on the difference in individual religion and philosophy and the internal relation in science and technology .As for modern stage ,research focuses on the effects resulting from the changes in foreign and domestic factors. Foreign factors come mainly from western developed countries ,such as advanced western science and technology organization in science and technology and concepts in this field. Foreign factors also include the impacts from the large-scale wars caused by gradually expanded colonialism and imperialism Meanwhile the domestic factors focus on the promotion from national bourgeoisie and certain enlightened persons, who realize the inferiority of backward science and technology and make great contribution to the development of the national science and technology introducing advanced foreign science and technology by all means and enlightening people’s sense on it.As for contemporary stage, a comparative analysis is carried out on respective modernization in science and technology from macro and micro level. Macro concern lies on the discrepancy between Chinese and Indian system and policy in science and technology and international intercourse and cooperation as well as the positive and negative effect caused by the discrepancy, Micro concern lies on the development of software industry. Then follows an analysis on the similarities and differences in respective human resource, software technology garden, the protection of intellectual properties and polices in order to offer suggestions on the adjustion and development of Chinese software industry.更多还原